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静态链接cppunit时如何解决“未定义引用”错误?

[英]How to resolve “undefined reference” error while statically linking cppunit?

我不确定为什么将这个问题标记为重复的原因为什么链接库的顺序有时会导致GCC错误? 这个问题和这个问题是两个完全不同的问题。

我在Debian系统上用apt-get安装了libcppunit-dev

$ dpkg -l libcppunit-dev
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                       Version            Architecture       Description
+++-==========================-==================-==================-==========================================================
ii  libcppunit-dev             1.13.2-2.1         amd64              Unit Testing Library for C++

$ dpkg -L libcppunit-dev | grep "libcppunit\."
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcppunit.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcppunit.so

我写了一个简单的测试。 由于我现在关心的只是链接cppunit,所以我还没有测试人员。 暂时忽略缺少测试运行程序。 这是我的test.cpp

#include <cppunit/extensions/HelperMacros.h>
#include <iostream>

class FooTest : public CppUnit::TestFixture
{
protected:
    void testFoo()
    {
        CPPUNIT_ASSERT_EQUAL(1 + 1, 2);
    }

private:
    CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE(FooTest);
    CPPUNIT_TEST(testFoo);
    CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_END();
};

CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_REGISTRATION(FooTest);

int main()
{
    std::cout << "hello\n";
    return 0;
}

动态链接可以正常工作:

$ g++ -lcppunit test.cpp && ./a.out
hello

静态链接失败:

$ g++ -l:libcppunit.a test.cpp
/tmp/ccwMWIsX.o: In function `CppUnit::AdditionalMessage::~AdditionalMessage()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7CppUnit17AdditionalMessageD2Ev[_ZN7CppUnit17AdditionalMessageD5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `CppUnit::Message::~Message()'
/tmp/ccwMWIsX.o: In function `FooTest::testFoo()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest7testFooEv[_ZN7FooTest7testFooEv]+0x70): undefined reference to `CppUnit::SourceLine::SourceLine(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, int)'
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest7testFooEv[_ZN7FooTest7testFooEv]+0xa5): undefined reference to `CppUnit::SourceLine::~SourceLine()'
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest7testFooEv[_ZN7FooTest7testFooEv]+0xe9): undefined reference to `CppUnit::SourceLine::~SourceLine()'
/tmp/ccwMWIsX.o: In function `FooTest::getTestNamer__()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7FooTest14getTestNamer__Ev[_ZN7FooTest14getTestNamer__Ev]+0x41): undefined reference to `CppUnit::TestNamer::TestNamer(std::type_info const&)'

如何确保与cppunit的静态链接成功?

尝试以其他顺序链接程序和库

g++ test.cpp -l:libcppunit.a

要么

g++ test.cpp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcppunit.a

要么

g++ test.cpp -static -lcppunit -Wl,-Bdynamic

最后一个-Wl,-Bdynamic是必需的,以避免像libc ++或glibc这样的系统库静态链接。

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