使用Apache POI将填充颜色和边框应用于Excel范围

Question

我正在使用Apache POI将Excel VBA脚本转换为Java遇到问题。 在VBA中，可以轻松地将填充颜色和边框连续应用于单元格。 但是在POI中，如果不创建数百个XSSFCellStyles [（使用每种颜色）x（每种边框组合）x（使用每种字体），似乎几乎是不可能的。 我正在尝试重新创建当前通过VBA生成的电子表格 ： Spreadsheet Image

下面的代码旨在通过将顶部的两行填充为灰色并添加外部边框来开始格式化。 我将代码分为三类（请原谅任何草率的代码或noob错误。仍在学习Java的第二周）：

1. 主类：

    public class CreateExcel { public static void createExcel(String[] args) throws IOException { XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); XSSFSheet resultsSheet = workbook.createSheet("Results"); ExcelMethods format = new ExcelMethods(); ExcelStyles style = new ExcelStyles(); format.formatRange(workbook, resultsSheet, style.fillPMEDarkGray(workbook), 1, 2, 2, 14); format.formatRange(workbook, resultsSheet, style.borderLeft(workbook), 1, 2, 2, 1); format.formatRange(workbook, resultsSheet, style.borderRight(workbook), 1, 2, 16, 1); format.formatRange(workbook, resultsSheet, style.borderTop(workbook), 1, 1, 2, 14); format.formatRange(workbook, resultsSheet, style.borderBottom(workbook), 2, 1, 2, 14); try (FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("C:<file location>/workbook.xlsx")) { workbook.write(fileOut); } } } 

2. 具有格式单元格循环的类：

    public class ExcelMethods { public void formatRange(XSSFWorkbook workbook, XSSFSheet sheet, XSSFCellStyle style, int rowStart, int numRows, int columnStart, int numColumns) { for (int i = rowStart; i <= rowStart + numRows; i++) { XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(i); for (int j = columnStart; j <= columnStart + numColumns; j++) { XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(j); cell.setCellStyle(style); } } } 

3. 具有定义的样式的类：

    public class ExcelStyles{ public XSSFCellStyle fillPMEDarkGray(XSSFWorkbook workbook) { XSSFColor pmeDarkGray = new XSSFColor(new java.awt.Color(128, 128, 128)); XSSFCellStyle fillCell = workbook.createCellStyle(); fillCell.setFillForegroundColor(pmeDarkGray); fillCell.setFillPattern(SOLID_FOREGROUND); return fillCell; } public XSSFCellStyle borderLeft(XSSFWorkbook workbook) { XSSFCellStyle cellBorder = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellBorder.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THICK); return cellBorder; } public XSSFCellStyle borderRight(XSSFWorkbook workbook) { XSSFCellStyle cellBorder = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellBorder.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THICK); return cellBorder; } public XSSFCellStyle borderTop(XSSFWorkbook workbook) { XSSFCellStyle cellBorder = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellBorder.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THICK); return cellBorder; } public XSSFCellStyle borderBottom(XSSFWorkbook workbook) { XSSFCellStyle cellBorder = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellBorder.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THICK); return cellBorder; } } 

通过组合Stack Overflow，POI API文档等，我已经了解到一个单元只能有一个XSSFCellStyle，因此尝试为已填充的单元添加边框可以消除填充。 因此，我的代码仅产生一组填充为黑色的单元格。

Apache POI无法像VBA那样轻松地完成工作，这对我来说似乎很奇怪。 我知道我一定丢失了某些东西/设置了错误的代码等。

顺便说一句，我也尝试过使用Apache POI API中所述的PropertyTemplate.drawBorders，但我也无法使它正常工作-同样的结果。

我希望有人能在我机智的过程中找到解决这个问题的巧妙方法。

谢谢你的帮助！

Answer 1

好的，让我们举一个例子，说明如何使用apache poi创建示例表，而又不会无所事事地使用底层对象。

主要方法是使用CellUtil和PropertyTemplate创建所需的单元格样式。 因此，我们不需要手动创建每个所需的单元格样式（例如，边界范围的每个不同颜色的边缘）。 但是，尽管如此，我们还是没有创建太多的单元格样式（例如，每个单元格都有一个单元格样式），这是可以节省的。

但是，正如已经无法在XSSFCell Apache POI中设置自定义颜色中所述 ， PropertyTemplate以及CellUtil和RegionUtil仅基于ss.usermodel级别，而不基于xssf.usermodel级别。 但是org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle setFillForegroundColor(Color color)对setFillForegroundColor(Color color) 。 它只知道setFillForegroundColor(short bg) 。 因此， ss.usermodel级别都无法将Color设置为填充前景色。 只能short （颜色索引）。 我们必须记住这一点，并且只能使用IndexedColors设置单元格填充。 否则它将失败。

示例代码已注释说明其功能：

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;

import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.PropertyTemplate;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class CreateExcelCellStyles {

 public static CellStyle getPreferredCellStyle(Cell cell) {
  // a method to get the preferred cell style for a cell
  // this is either the already applied cell style
  // or if that not present, then the row style (default cell style for this row)
  // or if that not present, then the column style (default cell style for this column)
  CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
  if (cellStyle.getIndex() == 0) cellStyle = cell.getRow().getRowStyle();
  if (cellStyle == null) cellStyle = cell.getSheet().getColumnStyle(cell.getColumnIndex());
  if (cellStyle == null) cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
  return cellStyle;
 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  //the data
  Object[][] data = new Object[][]{
   {null, "Returns", "Benchmark 1", null, null, null, "Benchmark 2", null, null, null, "Benchmark 3", null, null, null},
   {null, null, "PME Plus", null, null, "Direct", "PME Plus", null, null, "Direct", "PME Plus", null, null, "Direct"}, 
   {null, null, "PME IRR", "IRR", "KS PME", "Alpha", "PME IRR", "IRR", "KS PME", "Alpha", "PME IRR", "IRR", "KS PME", "Alpha"}, 
   {"1 Year", .17, .162, .162, 1.01, .007, .191, .191, .99, -.018, .192, .192, .99, -.018}, 
   {"3 Year", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null}, 
   {"5 Year", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null}, 
   {"10 Year", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null}, 
   {"20 Year", .103, .051, .059, 1.17, .048, .071, .074, 1.11, .03, .062, .066, 1.14, .037}, 
   {"Since Inception", .109, .062, .066, 1.15, .041, .079, .08, 1.10, .027, .073, .074, 1.12, .031}, 
  };

  //we need PropertyTemplate later
  PropertyTemplate propertyTemplate = new PropertyTemplate();

  //we need properties map for cell styles later
  Map<String, Object> properties;

  //creating workbook
  Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();

  //we need DataFormat later
  DataFormat format = workbook.createDataFormat();

  //creating default font
  Font defaultFont = workbook.createFont();
  defaultFont.setFontName("Calibri");
  defaultFont.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);

  //we need font in bold and white for headings
  Font defaultFontWhite = workbook.createFont();
  defaultFontWhite.setFontName("Calibri");
  defaultFontWhite.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);
  defaultFontWhite.setBold(true);
  defaultFontWhite.setColor(IndexedColors.WHITE.getIndex());

  //creating default cell style having default font
  CellStyle defaultCellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
  defaultCellStyle.setFont(defaultFont);

  //we need percent style for numbers later
  CellStyle percent = workbook.createCellStyle();
  percent.cloneStyleFrom(defaultCellStyle);
  percent.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("0.0%"));
  percent.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);

  //we need user defined number style having unit "x" for numbers later
  CellStyle doubleX = workbook.createCellStyle();
  doubleX.cloneStyleFrom(defaultCellStyle);
  doubleX.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("0.00\\x"));
  doubleX.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);

  //creating sheet
  Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();

  //set default column styles
  sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle(0, defaultCellStyle); //first column A = default
  for (int c = 1; c < 14; c++) sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle(c, percent); //columns B to N = percent; some will be overridden later
  sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle(4, doubleX); //column E = user defined number style having unit "x"
  sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle(8, doubleX); //column I = user defined number style having unit "x"
  sheet.setDefaultColumnStyle(12, doubleX); //column M = user defined number style having unit "x"

  //put data in sheet
  int r = 0;
  for (Object[] rowdata : data) {
   Row row = sheet.createRow(r++);
   int c = 0;
   for (Object celldata : rowdata) {
    Cell cell = row.createCell(c++);
    if (celldata instanceof String) cell.setCellValue((String)celldata);
    else if (celldata instanceof Double) cell.setCellValue((Double)celldata);
    cell.setCellStyle(getPreferredCellStyle(cell)); //get preferred cell style from column style
   }
  }

  //add merged regions
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 2, 5));
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 6, 9));
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 10, 13));
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(1, 1, 2, 4));
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(1, 1, 6, 8));
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(1, 1, 10, 12));

  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 2, 0, 0));
  CellUtil.setVerticalAlignment(CellUtil.getCell(CellUtil.getRow(0, sheet), 0), VerticalAlignment.CENTER);
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 2, 1, 1));
  CellUtil.setVerticalAlignment(CellUtil.getCell(CellUtil.getRow(0, sheet), 1), VerticalAlignment.CENTER);

  //styling the table headings (rows 1 to 3)
  for (int rw = 0; rw < 3; rw++) {
   Row row = sheet.getRow(rw);
   for (int c = 0; c < 14; c++) {
    properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_PATTERN, FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR, IndexedColors.GREY_50_PERCENT.getIndex()); //do using only IndexedColors for fills
    //properties.put(CellUtil.FONT, defaultFontWhite.getIndex()); //up to apache poi 3.17
    properties.put(CellUtil.FONT, defaultFontWhite.getIndexAsInt()); //since apache poi 4.0.0
    CellUtil.setCellStyleProperties(CellUtil.getCell(row, c), properties); //do using CellUtil for **add** new properties to already applied cell styles
   }
  }
  propertyTemplate.drawBorders(new CellRangeAddress(0, 2, 0, 13), BorderStyle.MEDIUM, BorderExtent.ALL); //since we have merged regions we can simply drawing all borders here

  //styling the table body (rows 4 to 9)
  for (int rw = 3; rw < 9; rw++) {
   Row row = sheet.getRow(rw);

   properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
   properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_PATTERN, FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
   properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR, IndexedColors.LEMON_CHIFFON.getIndex());
   CellUtil.setCellStyleProperties(CellUtil.getCell(row, 0), properties); //column A

   properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
   properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_PATTERN, FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
   properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR, IndexedColors.PALE_BLUE.getIndex());
   CellUtil.setCellStyleProperties(CellUtil.getCell(row, 1), properties); //column B

   for (int c = 2; c < 6; c++) {
    properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_PATTERN, FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR, IndexedColors.LIGHT_GREEN.getIndex());
    CellUtil.setCellStyleProperties(CellUtil.getCell(row, c), properties); //columns C:F
   }
   for (int c = 6; c < 10; c++) {
    properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_PATTERN, FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR, IndexedColors.LIGHT_ORANGE.getIndex());
    CellUtil.setCellStyleProperties(CellUtil.getCell(row, c), properties); //columns G:J
   }
   for (int c = 10; c < 14; c++) {
    properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_PATTERN, FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    properties.put(CellUtil.FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR, IndexedColors.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE.getIndex());
    CellUtil.setCellStyleProperties(CellUtil.getCell(row, c), properties); //columns K:N
   }
  }
  propertyTemplate.drawBorders(new CellRangeAddress(3, 8, 0, 0), BorderStyle.MEDIUM, BorderExtent.OUTSIDE); //outside border around A4:A9
  propertyTemplate.drawBorders(new CellRangeAddress(3, 8, 1, 1), BorderStyle.MEDIUM, BorderExtent.OUTSIDE); //outside border around B4:B9
  propertyTemplate.drawBorders(new CellRangeAddress(3, 8, 2, 5), BorderStyle.MEDIUM, BorderExtent.OUTSIDE); //outside border around C4:F9
  propertyTemplate.drawBorders(new CellRangeAddress(3, 8, 6, 9), BorderStyle.MEDIUM, BorderExtent.OUTSIDE); //outside border around G4:J9
  propertyTemplate.drawBorders(new CellRangeAddress(3, 8, 10, 13), BorderStyle.MEDIUM, BorderExtent.OUTSIDE); //outside border around K4:N9

  //apply the PropertyTemplate borders
  propertyTemplate.applyBorders(sheet);

  //resizing the columns A:N
  for (int c = 0; c < 14; c++) sheet.autoSizeColumn(c, true);

  //writing the result
  FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("CreateExcelCellStyles.xlsx");
  workbook.write(out);
  out.close();
  workbook.close();

 }

}

结果：