MySQL中有没有一种方法可以隐式地为表创建主键？

Question

在MySQL中，当使用CREATE TABLE时，MySQL是否可以隐式创建一列（即，在CREATE TABLE命令中未明确声明的列）作为表的主键？

谢谢。

Answer 1

不，需要在表上定义PRIMARY KEY。

您可能正在考虑适用于InnoDB引擎的this ：

如果表没有PRIMARY KEY或合适的UNIQUE索引，则InnoDB在包含行ID值的合成列上内部生成一个名为GEN_CLUST_INDEX的隐藏的聚集索引。 这些行由InnoDB分配给此类表中的行的ID排序。 行ID是一个6字节的字段，随着插入新行而单调增加。 因此，按行ID排序的行实际上在插入顺序上。

下面的示例显示为没有PRIMARY KEY和UNIQUE列的表创建索引的示例。

# Create the table
create table test.check_table (id int, description varchar(10)) ENGINE = INNODB;

# Verify that there is no primary or unique column
desc test.check_table;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field       | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id          | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| description | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+


# Insert some values
insert into test.check_table values(1, 'value-1');
insert into test.check_table values(2, 'value-2');
insert into test.check_table values(null, 'value-3');
insert into test.check_table values(4, null);
insert into test.check_table values(1, 'value-1');


# Verify table
select * from test.check_table;
+------+-------------+
| id   | description |
+------+-------------+
|    1 | value-1     |
|    2 | value-2     |
| NULL | value-3     |
|    4 | NULL        |
|    1 | value-1     |
+------+-------------+


# Verify that the GEN_CLUST_INDEX index is auto-created.
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_INDEX_STATS where TABLE_SCHEMA='test' and TABLE_NAME = 'check_table';
+--------------+-------------+-----------------+--------+--------------+-------------------+------------------+
| table_schema | table_name  | index_name      | fields | rows_per_key | index_total_pages | index_leaf_pages |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------+--------+--------------+-------------------+------------------+
| test         | check_table | GEN_CLUST_INDEX |      1 | 5            |                 1 |                1 |
+--------------+-------------+-----------------+--------+--------------+-------------------+------------------+

# Duplicate rows are still allowed (Primary Key constraints not enforced)

insert into test.check_table values(1, 'value-1');

select * from test.check_table;
+------+-------------+
| id   | description |
+------+-------------+
|    1 | value-1     |
|    2 | value-2     |
| NULL | value-3     |
|    4 | NULL        |
|    1 | value-1     |
|    5 | value-5     |
|    1 | value-1     |
+------+-------------+

相比之下，指定了PRIMARY KEY的表将创建名称为PRIMARY的索引。

# Create another table
create table test.check_table_2 (id int, description varchar(10), PRIMARY KEY(id)) ENGINE = INNODB;

# Verify primary key column
desc check_table_2;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field       | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id          | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
| description | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

# Verify index
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_INDEX_STATS where TABLE_SCHEMA='test' and TABLE_NAME = 'check_table_2';
+--------------+---------------+------------+--------+--------------+-------------------+------------------+
| table_schema | table_name    | index_name | fields | rows_per_key | index_total_pages | index_leaf_pages |
+--------------+---------------+------------+--------+--------------+-------------------+------------------+
| test         | check_table_2 | PRIMARY    |      1 | 0            |                 1 |                1 |
+--------------+---------------+------------+--------+--------------+-------------------+------------------+

# Primary key is enforced
insert into check_table_2 values(1,'value-1');
OK

insert into check_table_2 values(1,'value-1');
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 'PRIMARY'