如何对Spring仓库进行单元测试

Question

我创建了一个springboot项目，该项目分为三个Maven模块，即域层，核心层（包含持久性和业务逻辑）和Web层。 我尝试对存储库ProductRepository（位于核心层）进行单元测试

 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) // provide bridge between SpringBoot test features and JUnit, for usage of springboot tsting features @DataJpaTest class ProductRepositoryTest { @Autowired private TestEntityManager em; @Autowired private ProductRepository repository; @Test void shouldReturnProduct() { // given Product p = Product.builder().id(1).designation("Test").reference("TEST").unitPrice(150).build(); this.em.persistAndFlush(p); // when Product found = repository.findByReference(p.getReference()); // then assertThat(found.getReference()).isEqualTo(p.getReference()); } } 

但是存储库始终实例化为null。 我在Eclipse中将此测试作为JUnit测试运行，但得到了nullpointerexception。

这是我的pom.xml文件

 <dependencies> <!--<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> 

Answer 1

这是您的示例的有效版本-希望对您有所帮助。 我认为您自己的项目中可能会有一些冲突的配置或依赖项。 https://github.com/tndavidson/springbootjparepositorytest

Answer 2

您说您尝试对控制器进行单元测试，但是您使用@RunWith（SpringRunner.class），它用于集成测试。 此注释将启动完整的应用程序。 您只想测试存储库。 您可以做的是创建一个抽象的DAO，您可以在单元测试中实现它。

public abstract class AbstractRepository<RepositoryType> {
RepositoryType repository;
private DBI dbi;

protected abstract RepositoryType createRepository(final DBI dbi);

@Before
public final void setUpDataSource() throws Exception {
    final JdbcDataSource jdbcDataSource = new JdbcDataSource();
    // DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1 ==> h2 will keep its content as long as the vm lives otherwise the content of the database
    // is lost at the moment the last connection is closed.
    jdbcDataSource
            .setURL("jdbc:h2:mem:play;MODE=MySQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1L;INIT=RUNSCRIPT FROM 'classpath:path/to/file/init_test.sql';");

    final Flyway flyway = new Flyway();
    flyway.setDataSource(jdbcDataSource);
    flyway.setLocations("/path/to/locations");
    flyway.migrate();

    dbi = new DBI(jdbcDataSource);

    runDbScript("/data.sql");

    repository = createRepository(dbi);
}

private void runDbScript(final String scriptPath) throws Exception {
    try (InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(AbstractDaoTest.class.getResourceAsStream(scriptPath),
            Charsets.UTF_8); Handle h = dbi.open()) {
        RunScript.execute(h.getConnection(), reader);
    }
}

}

现在，您可以覆盖测试类中的createRepository方法。

public class ProductRepositoryTest() { 

@Override
protected ProductRepository createRepository(Dbi dbi) { return new ProductRepository(dbi); }

@Test
public void testGetProductById() {

    Product response = repository.getProductById(1);
    assertThat(response).isEqualTo(someObject);
    }    
}

如果需要模拟对象的框架，则可以使用Mockito；如果需要模拟静态或void方法，则可以使用PowerMock。

希望这可以帮助。

Answer 3

将这些注释添加到测试类中。

@SpringBootTest
@TestExecutionListeners({ DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class,
    DbUnitTestExecutionListener.class,
    TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class })
public class YourTestClass {....