在 WHERE 子句中使用 CASE

Question

我有 2 个表需要根据几个参数进行连接。 其中一个参数是年份。 一个表包含当前年份，而另一年份不包含当前年份，因此必须使用最近的年份并与其他参数匹配。

例子

产品

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| product_id | category_id | sub_category_id | product_year | amount |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 504        | I           | U               | 2020         | 400    |
| 510        | I           | U               | 2019         | 100    |
| 528        | I           | U               | 2019         | 150    |
| 540        | I           | U               | 2018         | 1000   |

折扣

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| discount_year | category_id | sub_category_id | discount |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2018          | I           | U               | 0.15     |
| 2017          | I           | U               | 0.35     |
| 2016          | I           | U               | 0.50     |

输出

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| product_id | category_id | sub_category_id | product_year | discount_year |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 504        | I           | U               | 2020         | 2018          |
| 510        | I           | U               | 2019         | 2018          |
| 528        | I           | U               | 2019         | 2018          |
| 540        | I           | U               | 2018         | 2017          |

折扣总是从一年后获得，但如果这些费率不可用，那么它会一直回溯一年直到可用。

我尝试了以下方法：

SELECT 
    product_year, a.product_id, a.category_id, a.sub_category_id, 
    discount_year, amount, discount
FROM
    Product a
INNER JOIN 
    Discount b ON a.category_id = b.category_id 
               AND a.sub_category_id  = b.sub_category_id
               AND product_ year = CASE
                                      WHEN discount_year + 1 = product_year 
                                         THEN discount_year + 1
                                      WHEN discount_year + 2 = product_year 
                                         THEN discount_year + 2
                                      WHEN discount_year + 3 = product_year 
                                         THEN discount_year + 3
                                   END
 WHERE 
     product = 540

这将返回以下输出：

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| product_year | product_id | category_id | sub_category_id | discount_year | amount | discount |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2016         | 540        | I           | U               | 2017          | 1000   | 0.50     |
| 2017         | 540        | I           | U               | 2017          | 1000   | 0.35     |

任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

您可以使用OUTER APPLY和子查询。 在子查询中，使用TOP和ORDER BY选择具有最大discount_year的行，即小于product_year 。

SELECT p.product_year,
       p.product_id,
       p.category_id,
       p.sub_category_id,
       d.discount_year,
       p.amount,
       d.discount
       FROM product p
            OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP 1
                                *
                                FROM discount d
                                WHERE d.category_id = p.category_id
                                      AND d.sub_category_id = p.sub_category_id
                                      AND d.discount_year < p.product_year
                                ORDER BY d.discount_year DESC) d;

Answer 2

您可以使用子查询代替 CASE 表达式来选择小于您的product_year的 TOP 1 相关discount_year ，ORDER BY discount_year ASC。

Answer 3

首先使用 CTE 创建产品折扣映射。 这包含从产品表中每个产品年份的折扣表中提取的折扣年份和相应的 product_id。 在此之后，您可以轻松地加入相关表以获得结果并根据需要消除任何空值

简化的查询。

 ;WITH disc_prod_mapper 
    AS
    (
    SELECT  product_id, product_year,(SELECT MAX(discount_year) FROM  #Discount b WHERE discount_year < product_year AND a.category_id  = b.category_id  AND a.sub_category_id   = b.sub_category_id ) AS discount_year
     FROM Product a  
    )
    SELECT a.product_year, c.discount_year, a.amount, c.discount
    FROM Product a
      LEFT JOIN disc_prod_mapper b   ON a.product_id  = b.product_id   
      LEFT JOIN Discount c ON b.discount_year = c.discount_year