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C#-OutOfMemoryException将列表保存在JSON文件中

[英]C# - OutOfMemoryException saving a List on a JSON file

我正在尝试保存压力图的流数据。 基本上,我的压力矩阵定义为:

double[,] pressureMatrix = new double[e.Data.GetLength(0), e.Data.GetLength(1)];

基本上,我每10毫秒获得一个pressureMatrix并且我想将所有信息保存在JSON文件中以便以后重现。

我要做的是,首先,使用用于进行录制的所有设置来编写我称为标头的内容,如下所示:

recordedData.softwareVersion = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.Major.ToString() + "." + Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.Minor.ToString();
recordedData.calibrationConfiguration = calibrationConfiguration;
recordedData.representationConfiguration = representationSettings;
recordedData.pressureData = new List<PressureMap>();

var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(csvRecordedData, Formatting.None);

File.WriteAllText(this.filePath, json);

然后,每次获得新的压力图时,我都会创建一个新的线程来添加新的PressureMatrix并重写该文件:

var newPressureMatrix = new PressureMap(datos, DateTime.Now);
recordedData.pressureData.Add(newPressureMatrix);
var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(recordedData, Formatting.None);
File.WriteAllText(this.filePath, json);

大约20-30分钟后,我收到OutOfMemory异常,因为系统无法保存recordedData变量,因为其中的List<PressureMatrix>太大。

我该如何处理以保存数据? 我想保存24-48小时的信息。

您的基本问题是,您要将所有压力图样本保存在内存中,而不是分别编写每个样本,然后将其垃圾回收。 更糟糕的是,您在两个不同的地方这样做:

  1. 您可以将整个样本列表序列化为JSON字符串json然后再将字符串写入文件。

    而是,如《 性能提示:优化内存使用》中所述 ,在这种情况下,应直接对文件进行序列化和反序列化。 有关如何执行此操作的说明,请参见对Json.NET可以序列化/反序列化到流或从流反序列化的 答案 还将JSON序列化为文件

  2. recordedData.pressureData = new List<PressureMap>(); 累积所有压力图样本,然后在每次创建样本时将其全部写入。

    更好的解决方案是将每个样本编写一次,然后将其忘记,但是每个样本都必须嵌套在JSON中的某些容器对象内,这使得如何做到这一点变得不明显。

那么,如何解决问题2?

首先,让我们如下修改数据模型,将标题数据划分为一个单独的类:

public class PressureMap
{
    public double[,] PressureMatrix { get; set; }
}

public class CalibrationConfiguration 
{
    // Data model not included in question
}

public class RepresentationConfiguration 
{
    // Data model not included in question
}

public class RecordedDataHeader
{
    public string SoftwareVersion { get; set; }
    public CalibrationConfiguration CalibrationConfiguration { get; set; }
    public RepresentationConfiguration RepresentationConfiguration { get; set; }
}

public class RecordedData
{
    // Ensure the header is serialized first.
    [JsonProperty(Order = 1)]
    public RecordedDataHeader RecordedDataHeader { get; set; }
    // Ensure the pressure data is serialized last.
    [JsonProperty(Order = 2)]
    public IEnumerable<PressureMap> PressureData { get; set; }
}

选项#1生产者-消费者模式的版本。 它涉及两个线程:一个线程生成PressureData样本,另一个线程序列化RecordedData 第一个线程将生成样本,并将其添加到传递给第二个线程的BlockingCollection<PressureMap>集合中。 然后,第二个线程将BlockingCollection<PressureMap>.GetConsumingEnumerable()序列化为RecordedData.PressureData的值。

以下代码提供了执行此操作的框架:

var sampleCount = 400;    // Or whatever stopping criterion you prefer
var sampleInterval = 10;  // in ms

using (var pressureData = new BlockingCollection<PressureMap>())
{
    // Adapted from
    // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/collections/thread-safe/blockingcollection-overview
    // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.collections.concurrent.blockingcollection-1?view=netframework-4.7.2

    // Spin up a Task to sample the pressure maps
    using (Task t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
        {
            var data = GetPressureMap(i);
            Console.WriteLine("Generated sample {0}", i);
            pressureData.Add(data);
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(sampleInterval);
        }
        pressureData.CompleteAdding();
    }))
    {
        // Spin up a Task to consume the BlockingCollection
        using (Task t2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
        {
            var recordedDataHeader = new RecordedDataHeader
            {
                SoftwareVersion = softwareVersion,
                CalibrationConfiguration = calibrationConfiguration,
                RepresentationConfiguration = representationConfiguration,
            };

            var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings
            {
                ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver(),
            };

            using (var stream = new FileStream(this.filePath, FileMode.Create))
            using (var textWriter = new StreamWriter(stream))
            using (var jsonWriter = new JsonTextWriter(textWriter))
            {
                int j = 0;

                var query = pressureData
                    .GetConsumingEnumerable()
                    .Select(p => 
                            { 
                                // Flush the writer periodically in case the process terminates abnormally
                                jsonWriter.Flush();
                                Console.WriteLine("Serializing item {0}", j++);
                                return p;
                            });

                var recordedData = new RecordedData
                {
                    RecordedDataHeader = recordedDataHeader,
                    // Since PressureData is declared as IEnumerable<PressureMap>, evaluation will be lazy.
                    PressureData = query,
                };                          

                Console.WriteLine("Beginning serialization of {0} to {1}:", recordedData, this.filePath);
                JsonSerializer.CreateDefault(settings).Serialize(textWriter, recordedData);
                Console.WriteLine("Finished serialization of {0} to {1}.", recordedData, this.filePath);
            }
        }))
        {
            Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
        }
    }
}

笔记:

  • 该解决方案利用了以下事实:在序列化IEnumerable<T> ,Json.NET 不会将可枚举实现为列表。 取而代之的是,它将充分利用惰性评估,并简单地枚举它,编写然后忘记遇到的每个项目。

  • 第一个线程对PressureData采样,并将它们添加到阻塞集合中。

  • 第二个线程将阻塞集合包装在IEnumerable<PressureData>然后将其序列化为RecordedData.PressureData

    在序列化期间,序列化程序将枚举IEnumerable<PressureData>枚举,将每个流传输到JSON文件,然后继续进行下一个-有效地阻塞直到一个可用。

  • 您将需要进行一些实验,以确保序列化线程可以“跟上”采样线程,这可能是通过在构造过程中设置BoundedCapacity 如果没有,您可能需要采用其他策略。

  • PressureMap GetPressureMap(int count)应该是您的某种方法(问题中未显示),该方法返回当前压力图样本。

  • 在此技术中,JSON文件在采样会话期间保持打开状态。 如果采样异常终止,则文件可能会被截断。 我尝试通过定期刷新编写器来缓解此问题。

  • 尽管数据序列化将不再需要无限制的内存量,但稍后反序列化RecordedData会将反序列化PressureData组成具体的List<PressureMap> 这可能在下游处理期间导致内存问题。

演示小提琴#1 在这里

选项#2是从JSON文件切换到以换行符分隔的JSON文件。 这样的文件由用换行符分隔的JSON对象序列组成。 在您的情况下,您将使第一个对象包含RecordedDataHeader信息,而随后的对象将成为PressureMap类型:

var sampleCount = 100; // Or whatever
var sampleInterval = 10;

var recordedDataHeader = new RecordedDataHeader
{
    SoftwareVersion = softwareVersion,
    CalibrationConfiguration = calibrationConfiguration,
    RepresentationConfiguration = representationConfiguration,
};

var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings
{
    ContractResolver = new CamelCasePropertyNamesContractResolver(),
};

// Write the header
Console.WriteLine("Beginning serialization of sample data to {0}.", this.filePath);

using (var stream = new FileStream(this.filePath, FileMode.Create))
{
    JsonExtensions.ToNewlineDelimitedJson(stream, new[] { recordedDataHeader });
}

// Write each sample incrementally

for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++)
{
    Thread.Sleep(sampleInterval);
    Console.WriteLine("Performing sample {0} of {1}", i, sampleCount);
    var map = GetPressureMap(i);

    using (var stream = new FileStream(this.filePath, FileMode.Append))
    {
        JsonExtensions.ToNewlineDelimitedJson(stream, new[] { map });
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("Finished serialization of sample data to {0}.", this.filePath);

使用扩展方法:

public static partial class JsonExtensions
{
    // Adapted from the answer to
    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44787652/serialize-as-ndjson-using-json-net
    // by dbc https://stackoverflow.com/users/3744182/dbc
    public static void ToNewlineDelimitedJson<T>(Stream stream, IEnumerable<T> items)
    {
        // Let caller dispose the underlying stream 
        using (var textWriter = new StreamWriter(stream, new UTF8Encoding(false, true), 1024, true))
        {
            ToNewlineDelimitedJson(textWriter, items);
        }
    }

    public static void ToNewlineDelimitedJson<T>(TextWriter textWriter, IEnumerable<T> items)
    {
        var serializer = JsonSerializer.CreateDefault();

        foreach (var item in items)
        {
            // Formatting.None is the default; I set it here for clarity.
            using (var writer = new JsonTextWriter(textWriter) { Formatting = Formatting.None, CloseOutput = false })
            {
                serializer.Serialize(writer, item);
            }
            // http://specs.okfnlabs.org/ndjson/
            // Each JSON text MUST conform to the [RFC7159] standard and MUST be written to the stream followed by the newline character \n (0x0A). 
            // The newline charater MAY be preceeded by a carriage return \r (0x0D). The JSON texts MUST NOT contain newlines or carriage returns.
            textWriter.Write("\n");
        }
    }

    // Adapted from the answer to 
    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29729063/line-delimited-json-serializing-and-de-serializing
    // by Yuval Itzchakov https://stackoverflow.com/users/1870803/yuval-itzchakov
    public static IEnumerable<TBase> FromNewlineDelimitedJson<TBase, THeader, TRow>(TextReader reader)
        where THeader : TBase
        where TRow : TBase
    {
        bool first = true;

        using (var jsonReader = new JsonTextReader(reader) { CloseInput = false, SupportMultipleContent = true })
        {
            var serializer = JsonSerializer.CreateDefault();

            while (jsonReader.Read())
            {
                if (jsonReader.TokenType == JsonToken.Comment)
                    continue;
                if (first)
                {
                    yield return serializer.Deserialize<THeader>(jsonReader);
                    first = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    yield return serializer.Deserialize<TRow>(jsonReader);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

稍后,您可以按以下方式处理换行符分隔的JSON文件:

using (var stream = File.OpenRead(filePath))
using (var textReader = new StreamReader(stream))
{
    foreach (var obj in JsonExtensions.FromNewlineDelimitedJson<object, RecordedDataHeader, PressureMap>(textReader))
    {
        if (obj is RecordedDataHeader)
        {
            var header = (RecordedDataHeader)obj;
            // Process the header
            Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(header));
        }
        else
        {
            var row = (PressureMap)obj;
            // Process the row.
            Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(row));
        }
    }
}

笔记:

  • 这种方法看起来更简单,因为样本是递增地添加到文件末尾的,而不是插入到整个JSON容器中。

  • 使用这种方法,可以使用有限的内存来完成序列化和下游处理。

  • 样本文件在采样期间不会保持打开状态,因此被截断的可能性较小。

  • 下游应用程序可能没有内置工具来处理换行符分隔的JSON。

  • 该策略可以更简单地与您当前的线程代码集成。

演示小提琴#2 在这里

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