使用 Actions 类时的 java.lang.NullPointerException

Question

我是自动化测试的初学者。 目前我尝试使用 Actions 类编写测试。 ChromeDriver 2.42 版 Selenium 3.14 版 Chrome 9.0.3497.100

下面我把我的代码：

public class KlasaDoCwiczen {
WebDriver driver;
Actions action;
ChromeOptions options;

@Before
public void UruchamianieAplikacji () {
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\smartyn\\Desktop\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
    driver = new ChromeDriver();
    Actions action = new Actions(driver);
    driver.get("http://localhost:4200/dashboard");
    driver.manage().window().maximize();
    driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    //driver.quit();
}

@Test
public void TestCwiczeniowyZKlasaActions () {
    action.clickAndHold(driver.findElement(By.id("client-individualPerson-bigFamilyCard-details-bttn")))
    .moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("client-individualPerson-bigFamilyCard-details-bttn")))
    .build()
    .perform();

}
}

所以当我执行这个我有声明：

wrz 25, 2018 10:42:16 AM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO：检测到方言：OSS

java.lang.NullPointerException
at KlasaDoCwiczen.TestCwiczeniowyZKlasaActions(KlasaDoCwiczen.java:31)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

Answer 1

这个错误信息...

java.lang.NullPointerException

...暗示NullPointerException是在 (KlasaDoCwiczen.java:31) 处引发的。

您的主要问题是您在UruchamianieAplikacji()方法中一次又一次地全局初始化了对象操作。 在UruchamianieAplikacji()方法中声明的动作对象仅在此方法中具有范围/可见性。

继续前进，您正在尝试从对象操作不可见的TestCwiczeniowyZKlasaActions()方法访问对象操作。

因此你会看到java.lang.NullPointerException 。

解决方案

• 将动作声明保留为全局变量，就像driver 、 options等一样，并从UruchamianieAplikacji()方法中删除其他声明：

   Actions action = new Actions(driver); //remove this line

• 或者在TestCwiczeniowyZKlasaActions()方法中初始化Actions action ，仅将其从全局范围和TestCwiczeniowyZKlasaActions()方法中删除，如下所示：

   new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(driver.findElement(By.id("client-individualPerson-bigFamilyCard-details-bttn"))) .moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("client-individualPerson-bigFamilyCard-details-bttn"))) .build() .perform();