将 MS Access TRANSFORM/PIVOT 查询转换为 SQL 服务器

Question

我需要将访问查询转换为 sql 服务器查询，但出现错误，有人可以指出错误原因吗？

这是 MS Access 查询：

TRANSFORM Avg([X Avg Sub Group]) AS [AvgOfX Avg Sub Group]
SELECT Day, Process, 
       PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, 
       ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, 
       usl, lsl, 
       Avg([X Avg Sub Group]) AS [Total Of X Avg Sub Group]
FROM [Capability Data with Shift]
WHERE (((Process)="BBB WELDING"))
GROUP BY Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl
PIVOT SHIFT_VAL0;

这是我所做的：

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX);

SELECT @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME(avg([X Avg Sub Group]))
FROM [Capability Data with Shift]
WHERE (((Process)='BBB WELDING'))
GROUP BY Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl, SHIFT_VAL0
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
,1,1,'');

SET @query =  ' SELECT Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl, [Total Of X Avg Sub Group], ' + @cols + '
FROM 
(
SELECT Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, 
usl, lsl, SHIFT_VAL0, Avg([X Avg Sub Group]) AS [Total Of X Avg Sub Group]
FROM [Capability Data with Shift]
WHERE (((Process)=''BBB WELDING''))
GROUP BY Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl, SHIFT_VAL0
) t
PIVOT
(
  avg([Total Of X Avg Sub Group])
  FOR SHIFT_VAL0 IN( ' + @cols + ') 
) p ';
Execute(@query);

这是我在 SQL 服务器中执行查询时得到的结果：

（1 行受影响）

消息 8114，级别 16，State 1，第 17 行将数据类型 nvarchar 转换为 int 时出错。

消息 473，级别 16，State 1，第 17 行 PIVOT 运算符中提供了不正确的值“0.000642857”。

消息 207，级别 16，State 1，第 1 行无效的列名称“X 平均子组的总数”。

Answer 1

不带 cursor 的多用户版本：

CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].msrTransformAsAccessDo
    @TRANSFORM_Function nvarchar(MAX),
    @TRANSFORM_Field nvarchar(MAX),
    @SQL_SELECT nvarchar(MAX),
    @SQL_FROM_WHERE nvarchar(MAX),
    @SQL_GROUPBY_HAVING_ORDERBY nvarchar(MAX),
    @PIVOTBY nvarchar(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON
    DECLARE @Values nvarchar(MAX) = N''
    DECLARE @tmpStr nvarchar(MAX)
    DECLARE @RowCnt INT
    DECLARE @id int = 1
    DECLARE @DynSQL nvarchar(MAX) = N'INSERT INTO #pivoting SELECT DISTINCT ' + @PIVOTBY + ' as key_value ' + @SQL_FROM_WHERE + ' ORDER BY ' + @PIVOTBY
    EXEC (@DynSQL)
    SELECT @RowCnt = COUNT(*) FROM #pivoting;
    --replace cursor
    WHILE @id <= @RowCnt
    BEGIN
        SELECT @tmpStr = key_value from #pivoting where id = @id
        SET @Values
                    = @Values + ', ' + @TRANSFORM_Function + '(Case When convert(nvarchar,' + @PIVOTBY
                    + ')=convert(nvarchar,''' + @tmpStr + ''') Then ' + @TRANSFORM_Field + ' Else Null End) AS [' + @tmpStr
                    + '] '
        SET @id += 1
    END
    SET @DynSQL = @SQL_SELECT + ' ' + @Values + ' ' + @SQL_FROM_WHERE + ' ' + @SQL_GROUPBY_HAVING_ORDERBY
    EXEC (@DynSQL)
END

在调用程序之前还需要创建临时表（全局临时不是 session 特定的）：

BEGIN
    --create temp table to ensure each user session has their own version of the pivot
    CREATE TABLE #pivoting (id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL, key_value NVARCHAR(max))
    EXECUTE [dbo].msrTransformAsAccessDo
   'Avg', 
   '[X Avg Sub Group]', 
   'SELECT Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl, Avg([X Avg Sub Group]) AS [Total Of X Avg Sub Group] ', 
   'FROM [Capability Data with Shift] WHERE (((Process)=''BBB WELDING'')) ', 
   'GROUP BY Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl ', 
   'SHIFT_VAL0'
    DROP TABLE #pivoting
END;

Answer 2

我有这样的通用存储过程可以进行数据透视

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[msrTransformAsAccessDo]
    @TRANSFORM_Function nvarchar(max),
    @TRANSFORM_Field nvarchar(max),
    @SQL_SELECT nvarchar(max),
    @SQL_FROM_WHERE nvarchar(max),
    @SQL_GROUPBY_HAVING_ORDERBY nvarchar(max),
    @PIVOTBY nvarchar(max) 
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON

    DECLARE @DynSQL nvarchar(max)

    SET @DynSQL = N' SELECT DISTINCT ' + @PIVOTBY + ' as key_value into ##pivoting ' + @SQL_FROM_WHERE + ' ORDER BY ' + @PIVOTBY

    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ##pivoting
    EXEC (@DynSQL)

    DECLARE @Values nvarchar(max) = N''
    DECLARE @tmpStr nvarchar(max)
    DECLARE @rsk CURSOR         

    SET @rsk = CURSOR SCROLL
        FOR 
            select key_value from ##pivoting
    OPEN @rsk         
        FETCH NEXT FROM @rsk INTO @tmpStr
        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
            BEGIN
                SET @Values = @Values + ', ' + @TRANSFORM_Function + '(Case When convert(nvarchar,' + @PIVOTBY + ')=convert(nvarchar,''' + @tmpStr + ''') Then ' + @TRANSFORM_Field + ' Else Null End) AS [' + @tmpStr + '] '
                FETCH NEXT FROM @rsk INTO @tmpStr
            END
    CLOSE @rsk

    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ##pivoting

    SET @DynSQL = @SQL_SELECT + ' ' + @Values + ' ' + @SQL_FROM_WHERE + ' ' + @SQL_GROUPBY_HAVING_ORDERBY

    EXEC (@DynSQL)
END
GO

并呼吁您的情况：

EXECUTE msrTransformAsAccessDo 
   'Avg', 
   '[X Avg Sub Group]', 
   'SELECT Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl, Avg([X Avg Sub Group]) AS [Total Of X Avg Sub Group] ', 
   'FROM [Capability Data with Shift] WHERE (((Process)=''BBB WELDING'')) ', 
   'GROUP BY Day, Process, PARTNO_VAL0, CTQNO_VAL0, ctq_description, MACHINE_VAL0, usl, lsl ', 
   'SHIFT_VAL0'