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[英]Autowired MockMvc is null with JUnit 5 and Spring boot
[英]Spring - How to properly use @Autowired to prevent controller / MockMvc from being null?
我正在尝试运行一些单元测试并遇到一个问题,我确信该问题源于对自动装配的误解。 我有一个单元测试类,我试图在其中使用@Autowired
在 MockMvc 和 REST 控制器上——这两个最终都是空的。
我已经看到一些来源试图解释为什么会发生这种情况(包括这篇更多的更少的帖子和一个有用的StackOverflow 帖子,它给了我一些见解,但并没有完全帮助我解决我的问题)。
以下是我为重现此问题而制作的示例项目中的相关源代码。
ManagerControllerTest.java
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(ManagerController.class)
public class ManagerControllerTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private Manager manager;
@Autowired
private ManagerController controller;
@Test
public void controllerNotNull() throws Exception {
assertThat(controller).isNotNull();
}
@Test
public void testStoreSomething() throws Exception {
String path = "/manager/store-something/";
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(path)
.characterEncoding("UTF-8")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(builder).andReturn();
assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED, result.getResponse().getStatus());
}
}
controllerNotNull()
测试结果
java.lang.AssertionError:期望实际不为空
虽然奇怪的是,当我用 Java 创建一个新的 Gradle 项目并将我的示例代码从这篇文章导入到其中时, controllerNotNull()
通过了。
和testStoreSomething()
结果
java.lang.NullPointerException 在 com.example.sandbox.rest.ManagerControllerTest.testStoreSomething(ManagerControllerTest.java:46)
问题就在这里:我误解了什么? 我究竟做错了什么? 我可以从控制器中删除@Autowired
并使用new ManagerController()
实例化它,但我留下了 MockMvc 问题。
管理器控制器.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/manager/")
public class ManagerController {
Manager manager = new Manager(new StringStorage());
@PostMapping(value = "store-something")
private ResponseEntity<?> storeSomething(String str) {
manager.storeSomething(str);
return new ResponseEntity<>(CREATED);
}
}
管理器
public class Manager {
private final Storage storage;
public Manager(Storage storage) {
this.storage = storage;
}
public void storeSomething(String str) {
storage.store(str);
}
}
存储.java
public interface Storage {
void store(String str);
}
字符串存储
public class StringStorage implements Storage {
Map<String, String> stringMap;
@Override
public void store(String str) {
stringMap.put(str, str);
}
}
应用程序.java
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
build.gradle已从原始帖子(使用 JUnit4)中编辑,但问题仍然存在。
repositories {
jcenter()
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
dependencies {
compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-web', version: '2.0.0.RELEASE'
compile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-tomcat', version: '2.0.0.RELEASE'
testCompile group: 'org.springframework.boot', name: 'spring-boot-starter-test', version: '2.0.0.RELEASE'
testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:4.0.0'
testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:4.0.0'
testCompile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.17.0'
testCompile group: 'org.junit.jupiter', name: 'junit-jupiter-engine', version: "4.0.0"
testCompile group: 'org.junit.platform', name: 'junit-platform-launcher', version: "1.3.1"
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/manager")
public class ManagerController {
@Autowired
Manager manager;
@PostMapping(value = "/store-something")
private ResponseEntity<?> storeSomething(String str) {
manager.storeSomething(str);
return new ResponseEntity<>(CREATED);
}
}
@Component
public class Manager {
@Autowired
private Storage storage;
public void storeSomething(String str) {
storage.store(str);
}
}
public interface Storage {
void store(String str);
}
@Service
public class StringStorage implements Storage {
Map<String, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public void store(String str) {
stringMap.put(str, str);
}
}
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
测试类:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ApplicationTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
public void shouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
this.mockMvc.perform(post("/manager/store-something")).andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string(containsString("Hello World")));
}
}
将注释 AutoConfigureMockMvc 添加到您的测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ManagerControllerTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
private Manager manager;
@Autowired
private ManagerController controller;
@Test
public void controllerNotNull() throws Exception {
assertThat(controller).isNotNull();
}
@Test
public void testStoreSomething() throws Exception {
this.mvc.perform(get("/manager/store-something/"))
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.andExpect(status().isOk())
}
或者,您也可以将 TestRestTemplate 与 @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment= SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) 一起使用
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