Mac JDK11：线程“ main”中的异常java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：java / sql / SQLException

Question

Java的新功能。 使用IntelliJ。 我编写了一个简单的“ helloworld” Spring应用程序，该应用程序可以很好地进行编译，但是在运行时会收到以下错误：

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-11.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java "-javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=51884:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -p /Users/winston.kotzan/Development/java-spring-helloworld/bin:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-aop-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-aspects-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-beans-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-context-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-context-indexer-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-context-support-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-core-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-expression-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-instrument-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-jcl-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-jdbc-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-jms-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-messaging-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-orm-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-oxm-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-test-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-tx-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-web-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-webflux-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-webmvc-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar:/Users/winston.kotzan/java/spring-framework-5.1.3/libs/spring-websocket-5.1.3.RELEASE.jar -m SpringHelloWorld/com.wakproductions.MainApp
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: java/sql/SQLException
    at spring.core@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.core.Constants.<init>(Constants.java:67)
    at spring.beans@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.<clinit>(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:102)
    at spring.context@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
    at spring.context@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:133)
    at spring.context@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:622)
    at spring.context@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:518)
    at spring.context@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:144)
    at spring.context@5.1.3.RELEASE/org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:85)
    at SpringHelloWorld/com.wakproductions.MainApp.main(MainApp.java:8)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: java.sql.SQLException
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:583)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:178)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
    ... 9 more

我怀疑这可能与CLASSPATH有关。 我尝试设置CLASSPATH环境变量，并将其添加到java命令中

-cp /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-11.0.1.jdk/Contents/Home

但这似乎不起作用。 我的CLASSPATH可能不正确吗？

Answer 1

有关module-info文件的注释使我有了一些线索。 我注意到IntelliJ似乎已经创建了具有以下内容的module-info.java文件：

module SpringHelloWorld {
    requires spring.context;
}

没意识到我正在编译一个模块。 我删除了该文件以及bin目录中的所有内容。 然后，我可以使用以下选项通过“运行”菜单运行它：

我可以通过以下命令在命令行上运行它：

java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Users/.../java-spring-helloworld/bin:/Users/.../<spring-framework-libs>... com.wakproductions.MainApp