测试单元 Spring 启动：无法注册模拟 bean

Question

我有两类测试：1- 用于 Controller class 的单元测试和 2- 用于服务 class 的单元测试，如下所示：

1- 测试 class controller：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class CentroDeCustoRestControllerTeste {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    private CentroDeCustoService service;

    @Test
    @WithMockUser(username = "teste-app@teste.com", authorities = {"ADMIN"})
    public void aoBuscarUmCentroDeCustoRetornarUmJsonComPropriedadeCentroDeCusto() throws Exception {
        CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto = new CentroDeCusto();
        centroDeCusto.setNome("Financeiro");

        given(service.centroDeCusto(1L)).willReturn(Optional.of(centroDeCusto));

        mvc.perform(get("/centrosdecustos/1").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.centroDeCusto", org.hamcrest.core.Is.is(centroDeCusto.getCentroDeCusto())));
        }
     }

2- 测试 class 服务：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class CentroDeCustoServiceImplTeste {

    @TestConfiguration
    static class CentroDeCustoServiceImplConfiguracaoContexto {
        @Bean
        public CentroDeCustoService centroDeCustoService() {
            return new CentroDeCustoServiceImpl();
        }
    }

    @Autowired
    private CentroDeCustoService service;

    @MockBean
    private CentroDeCustoRepository repository;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto = new CentroDeCusto();
        centroDeCusto.setId(1L);
        Optional<CentroDeCusto> centroDeCustoOpt = Optional.of(centroDeCusto);

        Mockito.when(repository.findById(1L)).thenReturn(centroDeCustoOpt);
    }

    @Test
    public void aoBuscarUmCentroDeCustoExistenteRetornarUmCentroDeCustoOptional() {
        Optional<CentroDeCusto> resultado = service.centroDeCusto(1L);
        CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto = resultado.get();

        Assertions.assertThat(centroDeCusto.getId())
                .isEqualTo(1L);
    }
}

接口 CentroDeCustoService

public interface CentroDeCustoService {

    Optional<CentroDeCusto> centroDeCusto(Long id);

    Page<CentroDeCusto> centrosDeCusto(Pageable pagina);

    Optional<CentroDeCusto> buscaCentroDeCustoPeloNumero(String numero);

    List<CentroDeCusto> buscaCentrosDeCustoDeUmaContaGerencial(Long idDaContaGerencial);

    boolean verificaSeCentroDeCustoJahExiste(CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto);

    CentroDeCusto criaCentroDeCusto(CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto);

    CentroDeCusto atualizaCentroDeCusto(CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto);

    boolean delataCentroDeCusto(Long id);
}

Class CentroDeCustoServiceImpl

@Service
public class CentroDeCustoServiceImpl implements CentroDeCustoService {
    @Autowired
    private CentroDeCustoRepository repository;

    @Override
    public Optional<CentroDeCusto> centroDeCusto(Long id) {
        return repository.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public Page<CentroDeCusto> centrosDeCusto(Pageable pagina) {
        return repository.departamentosPorDataDeAtualizacao(pagina);
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<CentroDeCusto> buscaCentroDeCustoPeloNumero(String numero) {
        return repository.findByCentroDeCusto(numero);
    }

    @Override
    public List<CentroDeCusto> buscaCentrosDeCustoDeUmaContaGerencial(Long idDaContaGerencial) {
        return repository.findByContasGerenciaisId(idDaContaGerencial);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean verificaSeCentroDeCustoJahExiste(CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto) {
        String numeroDoCentroDeCusto = centroDeCusto.getCentroDeCusto();
        Long idDoCentroDeCusto = centroDeCusto.getId();
        Optional<CentroDeCusto> centroDeCustoOpt = repository.findByCentroDeCustoAndIdNotIn(numeroDoCentroDeCusto, idDoCentroDeCusto);

        if (centroDeCustoOpt.isPresent())
            return true;

        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public CentroDeCusto criaCentroDeCusto(CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto) {
        return repository.save(centroDeCusto);
    }

    @Override
    public CentroDeCusto atualizaCentroDeCusto(CentroDeCusto centroDeCusto) {
        return repository.save(centroDeCusto);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean delataCentroDeCusto(Long id) {
        Optional<CentroDeCusto> centroDeCustoOpt = centroDeCusto(id);
        if (centroDeCustoOpt.isPresent()) {
            repository.delete(centroDeCustoOpt.get());
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }
}

当我运行 controller 时，似乎为服务 class 创建的测试会产生影响，因为这两个测试都调用 CentroDeCustoService object。 如何正确配置测试类以便不再有冲突？

错误：无法注册模拟 bean br.com.teste.reembolso.centrocusto.CentroDeCustoService 需要一个匹配的 bean 替换但发现 [centroDeCustoService, centroDeCustoServiceImpl] ：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to register mock bean br.com.teste.reembolso.centrocusto.CentroDeCustoService expected a single matching bean to replace but found [centroDeCustoService, centroDeCustoServiceImpl]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.getBeanName(MockitoPostProcessor.java:239)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.registerMock(MockitoPostProcessor.java:184)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.register(MockitoPostProcessor.java:174)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(MockitoPostProcessor.java:144)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(MockitoPostProcessor.java:131)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:282)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:170)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:694)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:532)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:762)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:398)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:330)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:139)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
    ... 24 more

它看起来很矛盾，但我不知道如何解决它。 有谁能够帮我？

Answer 1

如果您有多个相同类型的bean，则可以在@MockBean之外使用Qualifier。

 @MockBean
 @Qualifier("centroDeCustoServiceImpl"
 private CentroDeCustoService service;

请在此处参考MockBean Java文档：

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/api/org/springframework/boot/test/mock/mockito/MockBean.html

同样，根据对问题的第一条评论，您可以避免在CentroDeCustoServiceImplTeste单元测试中进行测试配置。 您可以使用MockitoJunitRunner

Answer 2

我同意其他人的观点，即您不需要@TestConfiguration。 相反，只需使用@CntextConfiguration批注提示您的Spring测试您需要服务类即可。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {CentroDeCustoServiceImpl.class})
public class CentroDeCustoServiceImplTeste {

    @Autowired
    private CentroDeCustoService centroDeCustoService;

Answer 3

也可以仅使用@MockBean注释来限定模拟 bean。 我用 spring-boot 2.7.3 对其进行了测试。

下面是一个在测试中声明的例子：

@MockBean(name = "firstBean")
SomeBean bean1;

@MockBean(name = "secondBean")
SomeBean bean2;