Typescript对象索引器和与索引器类型不匹配的键

Question

Typescript文档显示以下示例：

interface NumberDictionary {
    [index: string]: number;
    length: number;    // ok, length is a number
    name: string;      // error, the type of 'name' is not a subtype of the indexer
}

上面的示例的推荐解决方法是什么，例如，我有一个我知道有name: string的对象name: string属性，并且它可以具有其他可能的键，所有键都必须是数字？

Answer 1

像这样：

interface NumberDictionary {
    [index: string]: number | string;
    length: number;
    name: string;
}

Answer 2

问题在于这种类型本质上是不一致的。 考虑以下代码：

let prop = Math.random() > 0.5 ? "name" : "other"
let dic: NumberDictionary;
let value = dic[prop] // typed as number but could end up as string at run-time

索引定义告诉我们number但是我们可能在运行时以string 。

诚实的做法是使索引签名返回number | string number | string 。

interface NumberDictionary {
    [index: string]: number | string;
    length: number;
    name: string;
}
let prop = Math.random() > 0.5 ? "name" : "other"
let dic: NumberDictionary;
let value = dic[prop] // typed as number | string we need a type guard to tell teh difference

诚实的解决方案可能并不总是可行的，并且在充分意识到危险之后，您可以定义一个相交类型，该类型可以让您摆脱不一致的情况：

type NumberDictionary = {
  [index: string]: number;
} & {
  length: number;    
  name: string;
}

let prop = Math.random() > 0.5 ? "neverName" : "other"
let dic: NumberDictionary = {
  name: "",
  length: 1
} as NumberDictionary; // type assertion necessary, ts will still complain here about the inconsistentcy 
let value = dic[prop] // typed as number, hope everyone avoids passing in name