[英]How to correctly encode and decode a string in Base64?
我想在Base64中编码一个字符串,以便以后对其进行解码。 我对此进行编码:
public static String encryptString(String string) {
byte[] bytesEncoded = Base64.getEncoder().encode(string.getBytes());
return (new String(bytesEncoded));
}
然后,使用UTF-8将编码后的字符串存储在磁盘上。 重新启动应用程序后,将从磁盘读取编码后的字符串,而我正在尝试使用以下方法对该字符串进行解码:
public static String decryptString(String string) {
byte[] valueDecoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(string);
return (new String(valueDecoded));
}
发生错误,因为它给了我这个例外:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Illegal base64 character d
at java.base/java.util.Base64$Decoder.decode0(Base64.java:743)
at java.base/java.util.Base64$Decoder.decode(Base64.java:535)
at java.base/java.util.Base64$Decoder.decode(Base64.java:558)
这是一个循序渐进的步骤
1º我对此进行了编码: {"configuration":{"shop":{"name":"","addressLine1":"","addressLine2":"","postalCode":"","city":"","country":"","phoneNumber":""}},"jointBets":[],"groups":[{"name":"Test","members":[]}]}
成这样: eyJjb25maWd1cmF0aW9uIjp7InNob3AiOnsibmFtZSI6IiIsImFkZHJlc3NMaW5lMSI6IiIsImFkZHJlc3NMaW5lMiI6IiIsInBvc3RhbENvZGUiOiIiLCJjaXR5IjoiIiwiY291bnRyeSI6IiIsInBob25lTnVtYmVyIjoiIn19LCJqb2ludEJldHMiOltdLCJncm91cHMiOlt7Im5hbWUiOiJUZXN0IiwibWVtYmVycyI6W119XX0=
2º我将其存储在utf8中的磁盘上
3º我从磁盘撤回了它,它是这个字符串:
eyJjb25maWd1cmF0aW9uIjp7InNob3AiOnsibmFtZSI6IiIsImFkZHJlc3NMaW5lMSI6IiIsImFkZHJlc3NMaW5lMiI6IiIsInBvc3RhbENvZGUiOiIiLCJjaXR5IjoiIiwiY291bnRyeSI6IiIsInBob25lTnVtYmVyIjoiIn19LCJqb2ludEJldHMiOltdLCJncm91cHMiOlt7Im5hbWUiOiJUZXN0IiwibWVtYmVycyI6W119XX0=
4º我将其解码并得到异常。
我的猜测是您没有指定字符集。 尝试在没有为String
构造函数指定要验证的字符集的情况下运行以下代码。
@Test
public void base64Test() throws Exception{
String string = "ABCDF";
byte[] bytesEncoded = Base64.getEncoder().encode(string.getBytes());
String encodedStr = (new String(bytesEncoded,Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1")));
System.out.println(encodedStr);
byte[] valueDecoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encodedStr);
String decodedStr = (new String(valueDecoded,Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1")));
System.out.println(decodedStr);
}
然后,使用UTF-8将编码后的字符串存储在磁盘上。 重新启动应用程序后,将从磁盘读取编码后的字符串,而我正在尝试使用以下方法对该字符串进行解码:
这似乎是一个失败点。 您的问题很可能是与OS / JDK相关的,显然以下代码对我来说似乎很好(Win 7,最新的JDK 1.8):
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String source = "{\"configuration\":{\"shop\":{\"name\":\"España\",\"addressLine1\":\"\",\"addressLine2\":\"\"," +
"\"postalCode\":\"\",\"city\":\"\",\"country\":\"\",\"phoneNumber\":\"\"}},\"jointBets\":[]," +
"\"groups\":[{\"name\":\"Test\",\"members\":[]}]}";
// Encode string
String encoded = encryptString(source);
System.out.println("Base64 encoded: " + encoded);
// Temp Dir
String tempDir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
// Write to File
try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(tempDir + "data.txt"))) {
writer.write(encoded);
}
// Read from File
Path path = Paths.get(tempDir + "data.txt");
Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(path);
String dataFromFile = lines.collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
lines.close();
// Compare content
assert encoded.equals(dataFromFile);
// Decode string
String decoded = decryptString(dataFromFile);
System.out.println("Base64 decoded: " + decoded);
}
public static String encryptString(String string) {
byte[] bytesEncoded = Base64.getEncoder().encode(string.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return new String(bytesEncoded);
}
public static String decryptString(String string) {
byte[] valueDecoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(string);
return new String(valueDecoded);
}
Base64编码:eyJjb25maWd1cmF0aW9uIjp7InNob3AiOnsibmFtZSI6IkVzcGHDsWEiLCJhZGRyZXNzTGluZTEiOiIiLCJhZGRyZXNzTGluZTIiOiIiLCJwb3N0YWxDb2RlIjoiIiwiY2l0eSI6IiIsImNvdW50cnkiOiIiLCJwaG9uZU51bWJlciI6IiJ9fSwiam9pbnRCZXRzIjpbXSwiZ3JvdXBzIjpbeyJuYW1lIjoiVGVzdCIsIm1lbWJlcnMiOltdfV19
解码的Base64:{“ configuration”:{“ shop”:{“ name”:“España”,“ addressLine1”:“”,“ addressLine2”:“”,“ postalCode”:“”,“ city”:“”, “国家”: “”, “phoneNumber的”: “”}}, “jointBets”:[], “基团”:[{ “名称”: “测试”, “成员”:[]}]}
旧的Base64实用程序在Java8中每76个字符添加一个换行符。 结果看起来像这样:
/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRofHh0a
HBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwhMjIyMjIy
MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAARCABkAGQDASIA
AhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQA
AAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3
ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWm
...
似乎此行为在某些版本中已更改。 至少在Java11中,解码器不再接受换行符。 为了避免出现问题,您可以更改方法
public static String decryptString(String string) {
byte[] valueDecoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(string.replace("\n","").replace("\r","");
return new String(valueDecoded);
}
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