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在Scala中正确实现2类参数Functor

[英]Proper implementation for a 2 type parameters Functor in Scala

我在SO上多次看到这个问题,但无论我怎么努力,我都无法编译以下代码。 目标是为更简单的Reader实现Functor实现(代码在这里 ):

  trait Functor[F[_]] {
    def fmap[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]
  }

  implicit class FunctorOps[F[_]: Functor, A](self: F[A]) {
    def fmap[B](f: A => B): F[B] = implicitly[Functor[F]].fmap(self)(f)
  }

  case class Reader[A, B](run: A => B)
  type ReaderF[X] = ({ type L[A] = Reader[X, A] })

  implicit def readerFunctors[E]: Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] = 
    new Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] {
       override def fmap[A, B](fa: Reader[E, A])(f: A => B): Reader[E, B] = 
          Reader(e => f(fa.run(e)))
    }

  val foo = Reader[String, Int](_ => 42)

  foo.fmap(_ + 1) // does not compile

我尝试用以下方法绕过隐式机制:

FunctorOps(foo).fmap(_ + 1)

但是这会输出以下编译错误:

Error:(82, 23) type mismatch;
 found   : com.fp.Scratchpad.Reader[String,Int]
 required: ?F[?A]
Note that implicit conversions are not applicable because they are ambiguous:
 both method ArrowAssoc in object Predef of type [A](self: A)ArrowAssoc[A]
 and method Ensuring in object Predef of type [A](self: A)Ensuring[A]
 are possible conversion functions from com.fp.Scratchpad.Reader[String,Int] to ?F[?A]
  FunctorOps(foo).fmap(_ + 1)

预先感谢您的帮助。

UPDATE

为了确保我的FunctorOps是正确的,我为Id创建了一个functor实例:

case class Id[A](value: A)
implicit val idF: Functor[Id] = new Functor[Id] {
  override def fmap[A, B](fa: Id[A])(f: A => B): Id[B] = Id(f(fa.value))
}

val id = Id(42)
id.fmap(_ + 1) // compiles

所以问题不是来自FunctorOps隐式类。 我怀疑斯卡拉在类型lambdas上真的很难过......

更新2

我试图简化问题,但没有成功:

  trait Functor[F[_]] {
    def map[A, B](x: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]
  }

  implicit class Ops[F[_], A](fa: F[A])(implicit F: Functor[F]) {
    def map[B](f: A => B): F[B] = F.map(fa)(f)
  }

  type FF[A] = ({ type F[B] = A => B })

  implicit def ff[E]: Functor[FF[E]#F] = new Functor[FF[E]#F] {
    override def map[A, B](x: E => A)(f: A => B): E => B = e => f(x(e))
  }

  val f: String => Int = _ => 42

  val value: Functor[FF[String]#F] = ff[String]
  val ops = new Ops[FF[String]#F, Int](f)(value)

  // These compile
  ops.map(_ + 1)("")
  value.map(f)(_ + 1)("")

  // This not
  f.map(_ + 1)

更新:
我认为,要使其工作,您需要在build.sbt为编译器启用一些额外的选项:

scalacOptions ++= Seq(
      "-Ypartial-unification",
      "-language:postfixOps",
      "-language:higherKinds",
      "-deprecation",
      "-encoding", "UTF-8",
      "-feature",      
      "-unchecked"
    )

有关部分统一标志及其解决方法的更多信息,请点击此处

原始答案 :您是通过工作表还是IDEA中的Scratch运行代码? 我注意到有时候,特别是在这类函数式编程任务中,存在类型推断,隐式解析和更高级的“魔术”类型,IDEA的REPL不能完成任务(但我不确定为什么)。

这说,我试图在IDEA上运行以下内容:

object TestApp extends App{
  trait Functor[F[_]] {
    def fmap[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]
  }

  implicit class FunctorOps[F[_]: Functor, A](self: F[A]) {
    def fmap[B](f: A => B): F[B] = implicitly[Functor[F]].fmap(self)(f)
  }

  case class Reader[A, B](run: A => B)
  type ReaderF[X] = ({ type L[A] = Reader[X, A] })

  implicit def readerFunctors[E]: Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] =
    new Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] {
      override def fmap[A, B](fa: Reader[E, A])(f: A => B): Reader[E, B] =
        Reader(e => f(fa.run(e)))
    }

  val foo: Reader[String, Int] = Reader[String, Int](s => s.length)

  val i = foo.fmap(_ + 1)

  println(i.run("Test"))
  println(i.run("Hello World"))
}

它工作正常,打印512 此外,正如其他人提到的,你的代码适用于Scastie,这是IDEA表演的另一个合成。

最后要注意的是:你可能已经知道了这一点,但你可以使用kind-projector编译器插件来避免所有类型 - lambda ugliness。

简而言之,删除ReaderF[X]类型别名,并使您的functor实例看起来像这样:

implicit def readerFunctors[X]: Functor[Reader[X,?]] =
    new Functor[Reader[X,?]] {
      override def fmap[B, C](fa: Reader[X,B])(f: B => C): Reader[X,C] =
        Reader(e => f(fa.run(e)))
    }

哪个更具可读性恕我直言。

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