在 java 11 http 客户端上运行 powermock + mockito

Question

我正在尝试使用 Java 11 为单元测试用例运行 powermock + mockito。 我正在使用以下版本：

testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.12'
testCompile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.28.2'
testCompile group: 'org.powermock', name: 'powermock-api-mockito2', version: '2.0.2'
testCompile group: 'org.powermock', name: 'powermock-module-junit4', version: '2.0.2'

经过大量的反复试验，我让测试开始使用 Java 11 执行，但无法使用 Java 11 http 客户端运行具有静态块的测试。 我添加了

@PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "sun.security.ssl.*", "javax.net.ssl.*", "java.net.http.*", "jdk.internal.net.http.*"})

但仍然无法让它工作。 例外是

Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make public java.net.http.HttpClient$Builder jdk.internal.net.http.HttpClientBuilderImpl.priority(int) accessible: module java.net.http does not "exports jdk.internal.net.http" to unnamed module @548b7f67

这是完整的堆栈跟踪：

WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
WARNING: Illegal reflective access by org.powermock.reflect.internal.WhiteboxImpl (file:/Users/subhomoysikdar/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.powermock/powermock-reflect/2.0.2/79df0e5792fba38278b90f9e22617f5684313017/powermock-reflect-2.0.2.jar) to method java.lang.Object.clone()
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of org.powermock.reflect.internal.WhiteboxImpl
WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal reflective access operations
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedSerializationConstructorAccessor4.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:490)
    at org.objenesis.instantiator.sun.SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.newInstance(SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.java:48)
    at org.objenesis.ObjenesisBase.newInstance(ObjenesisBase.java:73)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.instance.ObjenesisInstantiator.newInstance(ObjenesisInstantiator.java:19)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.java:47)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.ByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(ByteBuddyMockMaker.java:25)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.mockmaker.PowerMockMaker.createMock(PowerMockMaker.java:41)
    at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:35)
    at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:62)
    at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1908)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.createMethodInvocationControl(DefaultMockCreator.java:108)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.doCreateMock(DefaultMockCreator.java:61)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.createMock(DefaultMockCreator.java:53)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.mock(DefaultMockCreator.java:40)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mockStatic(PowerMockito.java:62)
    at com.vmware.hcs.broker.broker.catalogue.util.TenantCacheTest.test(TenantCacheTest.java:29)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethod.invoke(TestMethod.java:68)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:326)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie$2.run(MethodRoadie.java:89)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(MethodRoadie.java:97)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:310)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTestInSuper(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:131)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.access$100(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:59)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner$TestExecutorStatement.evaluate(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:147)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.evaluateStatement(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:107)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:82)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:298)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:87)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:50)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.invokeTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:218)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.runMethods(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:160)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$1.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:134)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:136)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run(JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:117)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.run(AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.java:57)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner.run(PowerMockRunner.java:59)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make public java.net.http.HttpClient$Builder jdk.internal.net.http.HttpClientBuilderImpl.priority(int) accessible: module java.net.http does not "exports jdk.internal.net.http" to unnamed module @548b7f67
    at com.ConfigServiceRestClient.<clinit>(ConfigServiceRestClient.java:68)
    ... 48 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make public java.net.http.HttpClient$Builder jdk.internal.net.http.HttpClientBuilderImpl.priority(int) accessible: module java.net.http does not "exports jdk.internal.net.http" to unnamed module @548b7f67
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:340)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.checkCanSetAccessible(AccessibleObject.java:280)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.checkCanSetAccessible(Method.java:198)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.setAccessible(Method.java:192)
    at org.powermock.reflect.internal.WhiteboxImpl.doGetAllMethods(WhiteboxImpl.java:1499)
    at org.powermock.reflect.internal.WhiteboxImpl.getAllMethods(WhiteboxImpl.java:1473)
    at org.powermock.reflect.internal.WhiteboxImpl.getMethods(WhiteboxImpl.java:1741)
    at org.powermock.reflect.internal.WhiteboxImpl.getMethods(WhiteboxImpl.java:1780)
    at org.powermock.reflect.internal.WhiteboxImpl.getBestMethodCandidate(WhiteboxImpl.java:999)
    at org.powermock.core.MockInvocation.findMethodToInvoke(MockInvocation.java:58)
    at org.powermock.core.MockInvocation.init(MockInvocation.java:35)
    at org.powermock.core.MockInvocation.<init>(MockInvocation.java:22)
    at org.powermock.core.MockGateway.doMethodCall(MockGateway.java:155)
    at org.powermock.core.MockGateway.methodCall(MockGateway.java:138)
    at com.ConfigServiceRestClient.<clinit>(ConfigServiceRestClient.java:62)
    ... 48 more

Answer 1

如果您实际上会显示创建HttpClient ，这将更容易回答，但我确实假设它是以这种方式创建的？

class SomeClass {

      private static final HttpClient CLIENT;

      static {
          CLIENT = HttpClient.newBuilder()
                             ...
                             ...
                             .build();
      }
}

在这种情况下，您的测试类中需要一些东西：

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(value = SomeClass.class)
@PowerMockIgnore({"javax.net.ssl.*"})
@SuppressStaticInitializationFor({"SomeClass"}) // fully qualified name in here
    
class SomeClassTest {

     @Before
     public void before(){
         Whitebox.setInternalState(SomeClass.class, "CLIENT", (HttpClient) null);
     }
}

关键是您需要通过以下方式“禁用”静态块：

@SuppressStaticInitializationFor.

当您使用注解@PrepareForTest ，最终，Mockito 将尝试找到HttpClientBuilderImpl的方法（这又是HttpClient.newBuilder()的结果，而后者又是从您拥有的static {}块中调用的）。

java client的模块化意味着jdk.internal.net.http.HttpClientBuilderImpl没有被“导出”，所以没有人可以真正使用它（即使它是public ）。 Mockito内部尝试查找HttpClientBuilderImpl所有方法并查看它是否可以访问它们。 在您的情况下，它已经看到HttpClientBuilderImpl.priority(int)不是这样的方法并且它失败了。

Answer 2

我今天遇到了这个问题，将分享我的解决方案，希望它可以有所帮助。 需要牢记以下几点：

1. 我正在使用 Spring Boot，但如果不是，则应该采用类似的方法。
2. 我的服务采用 HttpClient 参数以允许传入模拟。

// The interface
public interface TestService {
    String myEndpoint();
}

// The service that uses a Java 11 HTTP Client
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {
    private final HttpClient client;

    public TestServiceImpl(HttpClient client) {
        this.client = client;
    }

    @Override
    public String myEndpoint() {
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .uri(
                        UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl("https://service.com")
                                .path("/the-endpoint/")
                                .build()
                                .toUri()
                )
                .header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
                .build();
        try {
            HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
            return response.body();
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("uh oh", e);
        }
    }
}

// Test with mocks
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
public class TestServiceTest {
    @MockBean
    private HttpClient httpClient;
    private TestService testService;

    @BeforeEach
    public void before() {
        testService = new TestServiceImpl(httpClient);
    }

    @Test
    public void testSomething() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        byte[] testBytes = "pdfBytes".getBytes();

        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .uri(
                        UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl("https://service.com")
                                .path("/the-endpoint/")
                                .build()
                                .toUri()
                )
                .header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
                .build();

        // You could make a utility class with some static methods to help you build these
        // and optionally set things like status for various test cases.
        HttpResponse<String> response = new HttpResponse<>() {
            @Override
            public int statusCode() {
                return 200;
            }

            @Override
            public HttpRequest request() {
                return null;
            }

            @Override
            public Optional<HttpResponse<String>> previousResponse() {
                return Optional.empty();
            }

            @Override
            public java.net.http.HttpHeaders headers() {
                return null;
            }

            @Override
            public String body() {
                return "myContent";
            }

            @Override
            public Optional<SSLSession> sslSession() {
                return Optional.empty();
            }

            @Override
            public URI uri() {
                return null;
            }

            @Override
            public HttpClient.Version version() {
                return HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2;
            }
        };

        given(httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()))
                .willReturn(response);

        assertThat(testService.myEndpoint()).isEqualTo("myContent");
    }
}