在模拟器上测试时应用程序崩溃

Question

我正在构建一个应用程序，当我尝试在模拟器上测试它时，它说不幸的是应用程序已停止，所以当我运行它时，我从 logcat 部分收到此错误，该应用程序是静态的并且包含没有 firebase 或 onesignal 的内容，我在 DroidX（Android 4.4.4，API 17）上运行

这是我得到的错误：

07-29 05:28:00.753 2648-2648/com.tools.med E/Trace: error opening trace 
file: No such file or directory (2)
07-29 05:28:01.709 2648-2648/com.tools.med E/dalvikvm: Could not find 
class 'android.app.AppOpsManager', referenced from method 
com.google.android.gms.common.wrappers.PackageManagerWrapper.zzb
07-29 05:28:01.809 2648-2648/com.tools.med E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL 
  EXCEPTION: main
 java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to get provider com.google.android.gms.ads.MobileAdsInitProvider: java.lang.IllegalStateException: 

******************************************************************************
* The Google Mobile Ads SDK was initialized incorrectly. AdMob publishers    *
* should follow the instructions here:                                       *
* https://googlemobileadssdk.page.link/admob-android-update-manifest         *
* to add a valid App ID inside the AndroidManifest.                          *
* Google Ad Manager publishers should follow instructions here:              *
* https://googlemobileadssdk.page.link/ad-manager-android-update-manifest.   *
******************************************************************************


    at android.app.ActivityThread.installProvider(ActivityThread.java:4850)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.installContentProviders(ActivityThread.java:4460)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4400)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1300(ActivityThread.java:141)
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1294)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5069)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:793)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:560)
    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: 

******************************************************************************
* The Google Mobile Ads SDK was initialized incorrectly. AdMob publishers    *
* should follow the instructions here:                                       *
* https://googlemobileadssdk.page.link/admob-android-update-manifest         *
* to add a valid App ID inside the AndroidManifest.                          *
* Google Ad Manager publishers should follow instructions here:              *
* https://googlemobileadssdk.page.link/ad-manager-android-update-manifest.   *
******************************************************************************


    at com.google.android.gms.internal.ads.zzxb.attachInfo(com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads-lite@@18.1.1:27)
    at com.google.android.gms.ads.MobileAdsInitProvider.attachInfo(com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads-lite@@18.1.1:3)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.installProvider(ActivityThread.java:4847)
        ... 12 more

安卓清单

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@drawable/icon"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:largeHeap="true"
    android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
    <activity android:name="com.tools.med.Splash">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
    <activity android:name="com.mkm.med.MainActivity"></activity>
    meta-data
    android:name="com.google.android.gms.ads.APPLICATION_ID"
    android:value="ca-app-pub-"/>
</application>

   apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
   compileSdkVersion 28
    defaultConfig {
    applicationId "com.tools.med"
    minSdkVersion 16
    targetSdkVersion 28
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0"
    testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled false
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}

}

dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0-rc01'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.0-beta2'
implementation 'com.google.android.ads.consent:consent-library:1.0.7'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13-beta-3'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.3.0-alpha02'
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:18.1.1'

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0-alpha02'

}

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

构建脚本{

repositories {
    google()
    jcenter()
}
dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.4.2'
    classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.2.0'


    // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
    // in the individual module build.gradle files
}

}

allprojects {
repositories {
    google()
    jcenter()
    maven {
        url "https://maven.google.com"
    }

}

}

task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir

}

Answer 1

取自错误消息中的链接（googlemobileadssdk.page.link/admob-android-update-manifest）：

更新您的 AndroidManifest.xml 通过添加如下所示的标记，将您的 AdMob 应用 ID 添加到您应用的 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中。 您可以在 AdMob 用户界面中找到您的应用 ID。 对于 android:value，请在引号中插入您自己的 AdMob 应用 ID，如下所示。

<manifest>
    <application>
        <!-- Sample AdMob App ID: ca-app-pub-3940256099942544~3347511713 -->
        <meta-data
            android:name="com.google.android.gms.ads.APPLICATION_ID"
            android:value="YOUR_ADMOB_APP_ID"/>
    </application>
</manifest>

重要提示：从 Google 移动广告 SDK 17.0.0 版开始，此步骤是必需的。 未能添加此标签会导致崩溃并显示以下消息：“Google 移动广告 SDK 初始化不正确。”

您错过了元数据标签之前的“<”，因此您的应用程序无法识别这些元数据。 我猜你有一个 AdMob 应用 ID 但没有发布它，否则你需要一个 AdMob 应用 ID。

从同一个链接：

Recommended: Create a Google AdMob account and register an app.