[英]Using COPY to import a .json file into a PostgreSQL table
我想将一些在 JSON 文件中格式化的天气数据（温度、风速……）导入到 PostgreSQL 11 表中，这样我就可以对该数据进行查询。
我已经能够手动将一些数据插入到表中，但这没关系，因为它是少量数据，我计划之后使用更多数据。 这是我使用 INSERT function: https://datavirtuality.com/blog-json-in-postgresql/ 发现的。
这就是为什么我一直在尝试使用 COPY function 但到目前为止没有运气，即使在互联网上阅读了很多不同来源的东西之后......
JSON 文件可在此处下载： https://queueresults.meteoblue.com/F2637B90-45BB-4E7A-B47C-C34CD56674B3 （如果文件不存在，请告诉我）。
我已经能够将 JSON 文件作为文本导入到表格中：
create table temp_json (values text);
copy temp_json from '/home/cae/test.json';
但我认为这不是以后能够进行有效查询的最佳方法......
我在测试过程中通常会遇到以下错误：
ERROR: invalid input syntax for type json
DETAIL: The input string ended unexpectedly.
CONTEXT: JSON data, line 1: [
好像我无法正确解析 JSON 文件和 PostgreSQL 中的数组...
谢谢你的帮助 ！
编辑：这是 JSON 文件的内容：
[
{
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPoint",
"locationNames": [
"59.4°N/24.7°E31.7m",
"59.4°N/24.8°E36.4m"
],
"coordinates": [
[
24.7,
59.4,
31.73
],
[
24.8,
59.4,
36.445
]
]
},
"domain": "NEMS12",
"codes": [
{
"unit": "°C",
"dataPerTimeInterval": [
{
"data": [
[
-0.395,
-0.195,
-0.099999994,
-0.030000001,
-0.060000002,
-0.099999994,
-0.099999994,
0.005,
-0.055,
0.19,
0.48,
0.725,
1.88,
1.88,
1.855,
1.935,
2.1950002,
2.595,
3.3049998,
4.115,
3.37,
2.97,
3.32,
3.5149999,
3.56,
3.44,
3.355,
3.3600001,
3.32,
3.32,
3.4250002,
3.42,
3.3899999,
3.445,
3.3200002,
3.0549998,
4.58,
4.01,
3.02,
2.79,
2.75,
2.76,
2.855,
2.99,
2.96,
2.775,
2.595,
2.4250002
],
[
-0.49,
-0.26,
-0.16,
-0.09,
-0.1,
-0.13,
-0.12,
0.01,
-0.07,
0.17,
0.44,
0.66,
1.84,
1.85,
1.83,
1.9,
2.15,
2.55,
3.27,
4.11,
3.46,
2.96,
3.31,
3.5,
3.55,
3.42,
3.33,
3.34,
3.29,
3.29,
3.43,
3.44,
3.42,
3.52,
3.41,
3.11,
4.53,
4,
3.01,
2.79,
2.76,
2.77,
2.87,
3,
2.93,
2.71,
2.53,
2.38
]
],
"gapFillRatio": 0
}
],
"level": "2 m above gnd",
"aggregation": "none",
"code": 11,
"variable": "Temperature"
}
],
"timeIntervals": [
[
"20180101T0000",
"20180101T0100",
"20180101T0200",
"20180101T0300",
"20180101T0400",
"20180101T0500",
"20180101T0600",
"20180101T0700",
"20180101T0800",
"20180101T0900",
"20180101T1000",
"20180101T1100",
"20180101T1200",
"20180101T1300",
"20180101T1400",
"20180101T1500",
"20180101T1600",
"20180101T1700",
"20180101T1800",
"20180101T1900",
"20180101T2000",
"20180101T2100",
"20180101T2200",
"20180101T2300",
"20180102T0000",
"20180102T0100",
"20180102T0200",
"20180102T0300",
"20180102T0400",
"20180102T0500",
"20180102T0600",
"20180102T0700",
"20180102T0800",
"20180102T0900",
"20180102T1000",
"20180102T1100",
"20180102T1200",
"20180102T1300",
"20180102T1400",
"20180102T1500",
"20180102T1600",
"20180102T1700",
"20180102T1800",
"20180102T1900",
"20180102T2000",
"20180102T2100",
"20180102T2200",
"20180102T2300"
]
],
"timeResolution": "hourly"
},
{
"geometry": {
"coordinates": [
[
24.7,
59.4,
31.73
],
[
24.8,
59.4,
36.445
]
],
"locationNames": [
"59.4°N/24.7°E31.7m",
"59.4°N/24.8°E36.4m"
],
"type": "MultiPoint"
},
"domain": "NEMS12",
"codes": [
{
"unit": "°C",
"aggregation": "none",
"code": 11,
"level": "1000 mb",
"dataPerTimeInterval": [
{
"data": [
[
-0.585,
-0.265,
-0.055,
0.04,
0.044999998,
0.08,
0.11,
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0.13499999,
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0.84000003,
1.2,
2.1,
2.33,
2.5,
2.72,
3.1750002,
3.775,
4.915,
5.37,
4.16,
3.795,
4.1949997,
4.41,
4.415,
4.275,
4.1800003,
4.16,
4.0950003,
4.08,
4.185,
4.1,
3.98,
3.575,
3.22,
2.92,
4.395,
3.7649999,
2.895,
2.66,
2.6550002,
2.72,
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2.685,
2.54,
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],
[
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0.12,
0.24,
0.14,
0.4,
0.8,
1.13,
2.11,
2.34,
2.52,
2.74,
3.19,
3.82,
4.91,
5.45,
4.29,
3.81,
4.19,
4.42,
4.43,
4.28,
4.17,
4.15,
4.08,
4.06,
4.18,
4.12,
4.01,
3.66,
3.31,
2.97,
4.38,
3.79,
2.9,
2.68,
2.68,
2.75,
2.89,
2.99,
2.88,
2.64,
2.43,
2.27
]
],
"gapFillRatio": 0
}
],
"variable": "Temperature"
}
],
"timeIntervals": [
[
"20180101T0000",
"20180101T0100",
"20180101T0200",
"20180101T0300",
"20180101T0400",
"20180101T0500",
"20180101T0600",
"20180101T0700",
"20180101T0800",
"20180101T0900",
"20180101T1000",
"20180101T1100",
"20180101T1200",
"20180101T1300",
"20180101T1400",
"20180101T1500",
"20180101T1600",
"20180101T1700",
"20180101T1800",
"20180101T1900",
"20180101T2000",
"20180101T2100",
"20180101T2200",
"20180101T2300",
"20180102T0000",
"20180102T0100",
"20180102T0200",
"20180102T0300",
"20180102T0400",
"20180102T0500",
"20180102T0600",
"20180102T0700",
"20180102T0800",
"20180102T0900",
"20180102T1000",
"20180102T1100",
"20180102T1200",
"20180102T1300",
"20180102T1400",
"20180102T1500",
"20180102T1600",
"20180102T1700",
"20180102T1800",
"20180102T1900",
"20180102T2000",
"20180102T2100",
"20180102T2200",
"20180102T2300"
]
],
"timeResolution": "hourly"
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPoint",
"locationNames": [
"59.4°N/24.7°E31.7m",
"59.4°N/24.8°E36.4m"
],
"coordinates": [
[
24.7,
59.4,
31.73
],
[
24.8,
59.4,
36.445
]
]
},
"domain": "NEMS12",
"codes": [
{
"unit": "°C",
"dataPerTimeInterval": [
{
"data": [
[
-7.0950003,
-6.615,
-4.815,
-3.55,
-2.6750002,
-2.1950002,
-2.695,
-2.87,
-2.1399999,
-0.995,
0.1,
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],
[
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]
],
"gapFillRatio": 0
}
],
"level": "850 mb",
"code": 11,
"aggregation": "none",
"variable": "Temperature"
}
],
"timeResolution": "hourly",
"timeIntervals": [
[
"20180101T0000",
"20180101T0100",
"20180101T0200",
"20180101T0300",
"20180101T0400",
"20180101T0500",
"20180101T0600",
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"20180101T0800",
"20180101T0900",
"20180101T1000",
"20180101T1100",
"20180101T1200",
"20180101T1300",
"20180101T1400",
"20180101T1500",
"20180101T1600",
"20180101T1700",
"20180101T1800",
"20180101T1900",
"20180101T2000",
"20180101T2100",
"20180101T2200",
"20180101T2300",
"20180102T0000",
"20180102T0100",
"20180102T0200",
"20180102T0300",
"20180102T0400",
"20180102T0500",
"20180102T0600",
"20180102T0700",
"20180102T0800",
"20180102T0900",
"20180102T1000",
"20180102T1100",
"20180102T1200",
"20180102T1300",
"20180102T1400",
"20180102T1500",
"20180102T1600",
"20180102T1700",
"20180102T1800",
"20180102T1900",
"20180102T2000",
"20180102T2100",
"20180102T2200",
"20180102T2300"
]
]
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPoint",
"locationNames": [
"59.4°N/24.7°E31.7m",
"59.4°N/24.8°E36.4m"
],
"coordinates": [
[
24.7,
59.4,
31.73
],
[
24.8,
59.4,
36.445
]
]
},
"domain": "NEMS12",
"codes": [
{
"unit": "°C",
"dataPerTimeInterval": [
{
"data": [
[
-10.84,
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],
[
-10.74,
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-12.73,
-12.73,
-12.72,
-12.62,
-12.57,
-12.6,
-12.67
]
],
"gapFillRatio": 0
}
],
"code": 11,
"level": "700 mb",
"aggregation": "none",
"variable": "Temperature"
}
],
"timeResolution": "hourly",
"timeIntervals": [
[
"20180101T0000",
"20180101T0100",
"20180101T0200",
"20180101T0300",
"20180101T0400",
"20180101T0500",
"20180101T0600",
"20180101T0700",
"20180101T0800",
"20180101T0900",
"20180101T1000",
"20180101T1100",
"20180101T1200",
"20180101T1300",
"20180101T1400",
"20180101T1500",
"20180101T1600",
"20180101T1700",
"20180101T1800",
"20180101T1900",
"20180101T2000",
"20180101T2100",
"20180101T2200",
"20180101T2300",
"20180102T0000",
"20180102T0100",
"20180102T0200",
"20180102T0300",
"20180102T0400",
"20180102T0500",
"20180102T0600",
"20180102T0700",
"20180102T0800",
"20180102T0900",
"20180102T1000",
"20180102T1100",
"20180102T1200",
"20180102T1300",
"20180102T1400",
"20180102T1500",
"20180102T1600",
"20180102T1700",
"20180102T1800",
"20180102T1900",
"20180102T2000",
"20180102T2100",
"20180102T2200",
"20180102T2300"
]
]
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPoint",
"locationNames": [
"59.4°N/24.7°E",
"59.4°N/24.8°E"
],
"coordinates": [
[
24.7,
59.4,
"NaN"
],
[
24.8,
59.4,
"NaN"
]
]
},
"domain": "CAMSGLOBAL",
"codes": [
{
"unit": "",
"dataPerTimeInterval": [
{
"data": [
[
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
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"NaN",
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"NaN",
"NaN",
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"NaN",
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"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN"
],
[
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN",
"NaN"
]
],
"gapFillRatio": 0
}
],
"code": 706,
"level": "sfc",
"aggregation": "none",
"variable": "Air Quality Index"
}
],
"timeResolution": "hourly",
"timeIntervals": [
[
"20180101T0000",
"20180101T0100",
"20180101T0200",
"20180101T0300",
"20180101T0400",
"20180101T0500",
"20180101T0600",
"20180101T0700",
"20180101T0800",
"20180101T0900",
"20180101T1000",
"20180101T1100",
"20180101T1200",
"20180101T1300",
"20180101T1400",
"20180101T1500",
"20180101T1600",
"20180101T1700",
"20180101T1800",
"20180101T1900",
"20180101T2000",
"20180101T2100",
"20180101T2200",
"20180101T2300",
"20180102T0000",
"20180102T0100",
"20180102T0200",
"20180102T0300",
"20180102T0400",
"20180102T0500",
"20180102T0600",
"20180102T0700",
"20180102T0800",
"20180102T0900",
"20180102T1000",
"20180102T1100",
"20180102T1200",
"20180102T1300",
"20180102T1400",
"20180102T1500",
"20180102T1600",
"20180102T1700",
"20180102T1800",
"20180102T1900",
"20180102T2000",
"20180102T2100",
"20180102T2200",
"20180102T2300"
]
]
}
]
给定您的第一个示例，您可以像这样处理它以将 json 数组分成单独的对象并将它们作为单独的行填充到表中：
create table real_json as select value::jsonb from temp_json join lateral json_array_elements(values::json) on true;
然而，这取决于大的单个 json 对象总是足够小以适应您愿意使用的内存量，这似乎是一个可疑的提议。 您需要一个对 JSON 对象进行增量或流式解析的库，一次返回一个二级对象，然后从返回的内存中清除它。 我不认为 PostgreSQL 提供了这样的工具。 如果您让我们知道您最喜欢的编程语言是什么，也许有人可以提出一个特定的库。
或者，您可以编写一个快速而肮脏的脚本，基于“漂亮”文件的缩进始终正确的假设，将 JSON 分成单独记录的行，因此使用“^ [{}]”作为标记，然后去掉换行符以反转“漂亮”格式，以便每条记录都是一行。 如果你有这样的脚本，你可以这样做：
\copy real_json FROM PROGRAM 'unnest_top_array_and_depretty /home/cae/test_without_new_lines.json';
从文件中删除“漂亮格式”有助于使用 COPY 功能，但它会将文件的全部内容放在一行中，从而无法在现有列上运行简单的 SELECT 查询......
这是我使用的：
CREATE TEMP TABLE target(data jsonb);
copy target from '/home/cae/test_without_new_lines.json';
与@jjanes 相同的代码，带有一个真实的、工作的命令行工具。
\copy json_table FROM PROGRAM 'jq --stream -nc -f myfile.json';
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