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将字符串推送到私有成员向量

[英]Pushing a string to a private member vector

我有一个std::vector<std::string> tileSet_作为 class 的成员变量。 在所述 class 的构造函数中,我调用 function

void MapWindow::shuffleTiles() const
{
  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, unsigned>> tileAmounts = {
    {"a", 2}, {"b", 4}, {"c", 1}, {"d", 4},
    {"e", 5}, {"f", 2}, {"g", 1}, {"h", 3},
    {"i", 2}, {"j", 3}, {"k", 3}, {"l", 3},
    {"m", 2}, {"n", 3}, {"o", 2}, {"p", 3},
    {"q", 1}, {"r", 3}, {"s", 2}, {"t", 1},
    {"u", 8}, {"v", 9}, {"w", 4}, {"x", 1}
  };

  int tileN = 0;
  for (std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>>::size_type i = 0;
    i < tileAmounts.size();i++) {
    tileN += tileAmounts.at(i).second;
  }

  // only used once to initialise (seed) engine
  std::random_device rd;
  // random-number engine used (Mersenne-Twister in this case)
  std::mt19937 rng(rd());
  // guaranteed unbiased
  std::uniform_int_distribution<int> uni(0,tileAmounts.size() - 1);

  for (int i = 0; i < tileN; i++) {
    auto random_integer = uni(rng);
    //qDebug() << i << ":" << random_integer;
    std::cout << i
              << ":"
              << tileAmounts.at(random_integer).first
              << ":"
              << tileAmounts.at(random_integer).second
              << std::endl
              << std::endl;

    while (tileAmounts.at(random_integer).second < 1) {
      std::cout << "Reshuffling "
               << tileAmounts.at(random_integer).first
               << ":"
               << tileAmounts.at(random_integer).second
               << std::endl;
      random_integer = uni(rng);
    }

    std::string s = tileAmounts[random_integer].first;
    std::cout << s
              << std::endl;

    tileSet_.push_back(s);
    tileAmounts.at(random_integer).second -= 1;
  }

  for (std::vector<std::string>::size_type i = 0;
    i < tileSet_.size();i++) {
    std::cout << tileSet_.at(i)
              << std::endl;
  }
}

最后,它试图从包含在向量tileAmounts中的一对随机挑选的字符串推回成员向量。 出于某种原因,这会引发错误

no matching member function call to 'push_back'

为什么会发生这种情况。 我正在将向量从std::pair推回,但这肯定不会导致任何类型不匹配? 包含在std::vector中的std::pair中的 std:: std::string仍然是std::string ,不是吗?

我花了一段时间才把它全部建成(有一些猜测)。

问题是该方法被标记为const 因此,您不能在成员上调用任何变异函数(即,您不能在任何成员变量上调用非 const 成员函数或非 const 成员函数)。

 void MapWindow::shuffleTiles() const
                                ^^^^^
 ...
     tileSet_.push_back(s);  // Attempt to mutate the state of the object.

这在编译器生成的错误消息中有更详细的解释:

t2.cpp:61:14: error: no matching member function for call to 'push_back'
    tileSet_.push_back(s);
    ~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/vector:712:36: note: candidate function not viable: 'this' argument has type
      'const std::vector<std::string>' (aka 'const vector<basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> > >'), but method is not marked const
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void push_back(const_reference __x);
                                   ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/vector:715:36: note: candidate function not viable: 'this' argument has type
      'const std::vector<std::string>' (aka 'const vector<basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> > >'), but method is not marked const
    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void push_back(value_type&& __x);

如果你 go 到行尾,它会说:“但是方法没有被标记为 const

解密线路:

注意:候选 function 不可行:“this”参数具有类型
'const std::vector',但方法未标记为 const
无效 push_back(const_reference __x);

注意:候选 function 不可行:“this”参数具有类型
'const std::vector',但方法未标记为 const
无效 push_back(value_type&& __x);

我找出了问题的根源:向量tileSet_以前不是成员变量,但我这样做是出于必要。 I had, however, originally defined the function shuffleTiles as a const function, which of course makes it impossible for it to change the state of the class. 从定义中删除const解决了这个问题。

C++ 中的错误消息肯定很神秘。

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