使用量化约束导出 Ord（forall a.Ord a => Ord (fa)）

Question

有了量化的约束，我可以很好地推导出Eq (A f)吗？ 但是，当我尝试推导 Ord (A f) 时，它失败了。 当约束类具有超类时，我不明白如何使用量化约束。 如何派生Ord (A f)和其他具有超类的类？

> newtype A f = A (f Int)
> deriving instance (forall a. Eq a => Eq (f a)) => Eq (A f)
> deriving instance (forall a. Ord a => Ord (f a)) => Ord (A f)
<interactive>:3:1: error:
    • Could not deduce (Ord a)
        arising from the superclasses of an instance declaration
      from the context: forall a. Ord a => Ord (f a)
        bound by the instance declaration at <interactive>:3:1-61
      or from: Eq a bound by a quantified context at <interactive>:1:1
      Possible fix: add (Ord a) to the context of a quantified context
    • In the instance declaration for 'Ord (A f)'

附注。 我还检查了ghc 提案 0109-quantified-constraints 。 使用 ghc 8.6.5

Answer 1

问题是Eq是Ord的超类，并且约束(forall a. Ord a => Ord (fa))不包含声明Ord (A f)实例所需的超类约束Eq (A f) 。

• 我们有(forall a. Ord a => Ord (fa))

• 我们需要Eq (A f) ，即(forall a. Eq a => Eq (fa)) ，这不是我们所拥有的。

解决方案：将(forall a. Eq a => Eq (fa))到Ord实例中。

（我实际上不明白 GHC 给出的错误消息与问题有何关联。）

{-# LANGUAGE QuantifiedConstraints, StandaloneDeriving, UndecidableInstances, FlexibleContexts #-}

newtype A f = A (f Int)
deriving instance (forall a. Eq a => Eq (f a)) => Eq (A f)
deriving instance (forall a. Eq a => Eq (f a), forall a. Ord a => Ord (f a)) => Ord (A f)

或者更整洁一点：

{-# LANGUAGE ConstraintKinds, RankNTypes, KindSignatures, QuantifiedConstraints, StandaloneDeriving, UndecidableInstances, FlexibleContexts #-}

import Data.Kind (Constraint)

type Eq1 f = (forall a. Eq a => Eq (f a) :: Constraint)
type Ord1 f = (forall a. Ord a => Ord (f a) :: Constraint)  -- I also wanted to put Eq1 in here but was getting some impredicativity errors...

-----

newtype A f = A (f Int)
deriving instance Eq1 f => Eq (A f)
deriving instance (Eq1 f, Ord1 f) => Ord (A f)