MYSQL 无法创建表 errno：150 外键约束格式不正确

Question

使用 mysql 工作台创建表时，外键出现问题。

当我使用 mysql 工作台创建表时，工作台给我这个错误：

在服务器执行 SQL 脚本 ERROR: Error 1005: Can't create table kipit 。 unlike_game_library (errno: 150 "外键约束格式不正确")

Executing SQL script in server
ERROR: Error 1005: Can't create table `kipit`.`unlike_game_library` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed")
SQL Code:
        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kipit`.`unlike_game_library`
        (
            `id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
            `created_at` DATETIME     NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
            `updated_at` DATETIME     NULL     DEFAULT now(),
            `user_name`  VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
            `game_slug`  VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
            PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
            UNIQUE INDEX `user_name_UNIQUE` (`user_name` ASC),
            CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_user`
                FOREIGN KEY (`user_name`)
                    REFERENCES `kipit`.`user` (`name`)
                    ON DELETE CASCADE
                    ON UPDATE CASCADE,
            CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_game1`
                FOREIGN KEY (`game_slug`)
                    REFERENCES `kipit`.`game` (`slug`)
                    ON DELETE NO ACTION
                    ON UPDATE NO ACTION
        )
            ENGINE = InnoDB
            DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
            COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

SQL script execution finished: statements: 11 succeeded, 1 failed

Fetching back view definitions in final form.
Nothing to fetch

这是我的查询：

-- MySQL Workbench Forward Engineering

SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS = @@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS = 0;
SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = @@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
SET @OLD_SQL_MODE = @@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE =
        'ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';

-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Schema mydb
-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Schema kipit
-- -----------------------------------------------------
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS `kipit`;

-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Schema kipit
-- -----------------------------------------------------
CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS `kipit` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
USE `kipit`;

-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kipit`.`user`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `kipit`.`user`;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kipit`.`user`
(
    `id`         BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `role`       VARCHAR(45)  NOT NULL,
    `name`       VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `email`      VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `picture`    VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `message`    VARCHAR(255) NULL     DEFAULT NULL,
    `created_at` DATETIME     NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
    `updated_at` DATETIME     NULL     DEFAULT now(),
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE INDEX `name_UNIQUE` (`name` ASC)
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB
    AUTO_INCREMENT = 34
    DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8;


-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kipit`.`game`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `kipit`.`game`;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kipit`.`game`
(
    `id`        BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `name`      VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `slug`      VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `image`     VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `genre`     VARCHAR(100) NULL,
    `publisher` VARCHAR(255) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE INDEX `slug_UNIQUE` (`slug` ASC),
    UNIQUE INDEX `name_UNIQUE` (`name` ASC),
    UNIQUE INDEX `id_UNIQUE` (`id` ASC)
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB;


-- -----------------------------------------------------
-- Table `kipit`.`unlike_game_library`
-- -----------------------------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `kipit`.`unlike_game_library`;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kipit`.`unlike_game_library`
(
    `id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `created_at` DATETIME     NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
    `updated_at` DATETIME     NULL     DEFAULT now(),
    `user_name`  VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `game_slug`  VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE INDEX `user_name_UNIQUE` (`user_name` ASC),
    UNIQUE INDEX `game_slug_UNIQUE` (`game_slug` ASC),
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_user`
        FOREIGN KEY (`user_name`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`user` (`name`)
            ON DELETE CASCADE
            ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_game1`
        FOREIGN KEY (`game_slug`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`game` (`slug`)
            ON DELETE NO ACTION
            ON UPDATE NO ACTION
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB
    DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
    COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

SET SQL_MODE = @OLD_SQL_MODE;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;
SET UNIQUE_CHECKS = @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;

我检查了相同的类型和 unicode 设置和唯一密钥，但它不起作用

这是我的 db fiddle 结果（完整查询）：

https://www.db-fiddle.com/f/t2x2zvcVZZqxjsBsM7UXMF/3

+ 创新状态

2020-04-28 11:43:42 0x1d68 Error in foreign key constraint of table `kipit`.`if`:

        FOREIGN KEY (`user_name`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`user` (`name`)
            ON DELETE CASCADE
            ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_game1`
        FOREIGN KEY (`game_slug`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`game` (`slug`)
            ON DELETE NO ACTION
            ON UPDATE NO ACTION
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB
    DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
    COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci:
Cannot find an index in the referenced table where the
referenced columns appear as the first columns, or column types
in the table and the referenced table do not match for constraint.
Note that the internal storage type of ENUM and SET changed in
tables created with >= InnoDB-4.1.12, and such columns in old tables
cannot be referenced by such columns in new tables.
Please refer to https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/foreign-keys/ for correct foreign key definition.
Create  table `kipit`.`if` with foreign key constraint failed. Field type or character set for column 'user_name' does not mach referenced column 'name' near '
        FOREIGN KEY (`user_name`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`user` (`name`)
            ON DELETE CASCADE
            ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_game1`
        FOREIGN KEY (`game_slug`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`game` (`slug`)
            ON DELETE NO ACTION
            ON UPDATE NO ACTION
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB
    DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
    COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci'.

Answer 1

似乎“默认字符集”和“排序”不匹配。 如何使所有正在使用的表都相同。

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `kipit`.`user`;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kipit`.`user`
(
    `id`         BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `role`       VARCHAR(45)  NOT NULL,
    `name`       VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `email`      VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `picture`    VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `message`    VARCHAR(255) NULL     DEFAULT NULL,
    `created_at` DATETIME     NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
    `updated_at` DATETIME     NULL     DEFAULT now(),
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE INDEX `name_UNIQUE` (`name` ASC) 
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB
    AUTO_INCREMENT = 34
    DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
    COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `kipit`.`game`;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kipit`.`game`
(
    `id`        BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `name`      VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `slug`      VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `image`     VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    `genre`     VARCHAR(100) NULL,
    `publisher` VARCHAR(255) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE INDEX `slug_UNIQUE` (`slug` ASC) ,
    UNIQUE INDEX `name_UNIQUE` (`name` ASC) ,
    UNIQUE INDEX `id_UNIQUE` (`id` ASC) 
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB
    DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
    COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;    

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `kipit`.`unlike_game_library`;    
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `kipit`.`unlike_game_library`
(
    `id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `created_at` DATETIME     NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
    `updated_at` DATETIME     NULL     DEFAULT now(),
    `user_name`  VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    `game_slug`  VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE INDEX `user_name_UNIQUE` (`user_name` ASC) ,
    UNIQUE INDEX `game_slug_UNIQUE` (`game_slug` ASC) ,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_user`
        FOREIGN KEY (`user_name`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`user` (`name`)
            ON DELETE CASCADE
            ON UPDATE CASCADE,
    CONSTRAINT `fk_rated_game_library_game1`
        FOREIGN KEY (`game_slug`)
            REFERENCES `kipit`.`game` (`slug`)
            ON DELETE NO ACTION
            ON UPDATE NO ACTION
)
    ENGINE = InnoDB
    DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4
    COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;