[英]Haskell reflection: does record have field?
GHC 泛型工具可让您检查构造函数名称,但字段名称呢?
假设我有一个数据类型
data Foo
= F {f :: Int}
| OO {oo :: String}
| Foo {f :: Int, oo :: String}
我有以下数据
aFoo :: Foo
我可以写这样的东西:
ooMay :: Foo -> Maybe String
ooMay f@(Foo {}) = Just (oo f)
ooMay f@(OO {}) = Just (oo f)
ooMay f@(F {}) = Nothing
通过我知道可以安全使用的构造函数保护访问器oo
。
有没有办法用泛型来写这个? 像fieldMay
这样的fieldMay
存在吗?
ooMay :: Foo -> Maybe String
ooMay f = fieldMay "oo" f
是的,这是可行的。 字段名称作为M1
类型构造函数的参数( Meta
参数)写入Rep
。 Haddock 掩盖了M1
,示例Generic
基于类忽略了其中的信息,但现在我们需要它。
只是为了让我们知道我们在处理什么:
ghci> :kind! Rep Foo
Rep Foo :: * -> *
= D1
('MetaData "Foo" "Ghci1" "interactive" 'False)
(C1
('MetaCons "F" 'PrefixI 'True)
(S1
('MetaSel
('Just "f") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy)
(Rec0 Int))
:+: (C1
('MetaCons "OO" 'PrefixI 'True)
(S1
('MetaSel
('Just "oo")
'NoSourceUnpackedness
'NoSourceStrictness
'DecidedLazy)
(Rec0 String))
:+: C1
('MetaCons "Foo" 'PrefixI 'True)
(S1
('MetaSel
('Just "f") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy)
(Rec0 Int)
:*: S1
('MetaSel
('Just "oo")
'NoSourceUnpackedness
'NoSourceStrictness
'DecidedLazy)
(Rec0 String))))
所以我们基本上只是搜索S1
并选择具有正确名称的那个。 为简单起见,让我们先看看那些具有正确类型的。
class GFieldMay rep a where
gFieldMay :: String -> rep p -> Maybe a
-- fields of the right type might match the name
instance {-# OVERLAPS #-} Selector s => GFieldMay (M1 S s (K1 i a)) a where
gFieldMay name m@(M1 (K1 x))
| name == selName m = Just x
| otherwise = Nothing
-- any other fields must be pruned (no deep search)
instance {-# OVERLAPPING #-} GFieldMay (M1 S s f) a where
gFieldMay _ _ = Nothing
-- drill through any other metadata
instance {-# OVERLAPPABLE #-} GFieldMay f a => GFieldMay (M1 i m f) a where
gFieldMay name (M1 x) = gFieldMay name x
-- search both sides of products
instance (GFieldMay l a, GFieldMay r a) => GFieldMay (l :*: r) a where
gFieldMay name (l :*: r) = gFieldMay name l <|> gFieldMay name r
-- search the given side of sums
instance (GFieldMay l a, GFieldMay r a) => GFieldMay (l :+: r) a where
gFieldMay name (L1 x) = gFieldMay name x
gFieldMay name (R1 x) = gFieldMay name x
就是这样
fieldMay :: (Generic a, GFieldMay (Rep a) f) => String -> a -> Maybe f
fieldMay name = gFieldMay name . from
达达!
main = putStr $ unlines $
[ show x ++ ": " ++ show (fieldMay "oo" x :: Maybe String)
| x <- [F 42, OO "5", Foo 42 "5"]]
-- F {f = 42}: Nothing
-- OO {oo = "5"}: Just "5"
-- Foo {f = 42, oo = "5"}: Just "5"
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