AWS 角色与密钥

Question

AWS 角色适用于需要使用临时凭证访问 AWS 服务（例如 S3 等）的服务。 这些是使用 STS 完成的。 当来自一个帐户的用户/应用程序需要临时访问不同帐户拥有的资源时，这很有用。

但是，当使用配置文件属性传递凭据时，STS 只会发出临时凭据。 至少这就是 AWS 提供的代码所暗示的

import com.amazonaws.AmazonServiceException;
import com.amazonaws.SdkClientException;
import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSStaticCredentialsProvider;
import com.amazonaws.auth.BasicSessionCredentials;
import com.amazonaws.auth.profile.ProfileCredentialsProvider;
import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3;
import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3ClientBuilder;
import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.ObjectListing;
import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.AWSSecurityTokenService;
import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.AWSSecurityTokenServiceClientBuilder;
import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.model.AssumeRoleRequest;
import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.model.AssumeRoleResult;
import com.amazonaws.services.securitytoken.model.Credentials;

public class MakingRequestsWithIAMTempCredentials {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String clientRegion = "*** Client region ***";
        String roleARN = "*** ARN for role to be assumed ***";
        String roleSessionName = "*** Role session name ***";
        String bucketName = "*** Bucket name ***";

        try {
            // Creating the STS client is part of your trusted code. It has
            // the security credentials you use to obtain temporary security credentials.
            AWSSecurityTokenService stsClient = AWSSecurityTokenServiceClientBuilder.standard()
                                                    .withCredentials(new ProfileCredentialsProvider())
                                                    .withRegion(clientRegion)
                                                    .build();

            // Obtain credentials for the IAM role. Note that you cannot assume the role of an AWS root account;
            // Amazon S3 will deny access. You must use credentials for an IAM user or an IAM role.
            AssumeRoleRequest roleRequest = new AssumeRoleRequest()
                                                    .withRoleArn(roleARN)
                                                    .withRoleSessionName(roleSessionName);
            AssumeRoleResult roleResponse = stsClient.assumeRole(roleRequest);
            Credentials sessionCredentials = roleResponse.getCredentials();
            
            // Create a BasicSessionCredentials object that contains the credentials you just retrieved.
            BasicSessionCredentials awsCredentials = new BasicSessionCredentials(
                    sessionCredentials.getAccessKeyId(),
                    sessionCredentials.getSecretAccessKey(),
                    sessionCredentials.getSessionToken());

            // Provide temporary security credentials so that the Amazon S3 client 
        // can send authenticated requests to Amazon S3. You create the client 
        // using the sessionCredentials object.
            AmazonS3 s3Client = AmazonS3ClientBuilder.standard()
                                    .withCredentials(new AWSStaticCredentialsProvider(awsCredentials))
                                    .withRegion(clientRegion)
                                    .build();

            // Verify that assuming the role worked and the permissions are set correctly
            // by getting a set of object keys from the bucket.
            ObjectListing objects = s3Client.listObjects(bucketName);
            System.out.println("No. of Objects: " + objects.getObjectSummaries().size());
        }
        catch(AmazonServiceException e) {
            // The call was transmitted successfully, but Amazon S3 couldn't process 
            // it, so it returned an error response.
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch(SdkClientException e) {
            // Amazon S3 couldn't be contacted for a response, or the client
            // couldn't parse the response from Amazon S3.
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

上面的代码只有在不提供一些凭据的情况下才能工作。 所以我的问题是，当我可以简单地使用 access/secret key 时，Role 在这里有什么用？

Answer 1

您提到的凭证是临时的这一点正是 IAM 角色是推荐方法的众多原因之一。

角色可以应用于 AWS 服务和资源，例如 EC2 实例可以附加一个角色，AWS 会自动轮换这些。 此外，您可以使用 STS 将角色代入角色，这可以从 IAM 用户、角色或联合用户中代入。

您应该尽可能避免使用 IAM 用户，有一些用例，例如签名 URL（您希望它持续几个小时以上）以及在本地位置。 如果您必须使用 IAM 密钥，则应确保经常轮换密钥。

有关更多信息，请查看IAM页面中的IAM 身份（用户、组和角色）和安全最佳实践。