从 Visual Studio 2019 运行时在 IIS Express 上获取 NullReferenceException

Question

我正在尝试对来自数据库（托管在远程服务器上的 Oracle18c）中的表进行 CRUD 操作 - “项目”，其中包含项目和单位重量作为列。 这是我的第一个 ASP.NET 项目。 只需按照我在网上找到的教程（ https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/blogs/crud-operation-in-asp-net-core30-with-oracle-database2 ）。 我能够毫无问题地按照步骤操作。 但是当我尝试在 IIS Express 中运行该项目时，我在图片中出现以下错误。 我不确定我做错了什么。

我在下面给出我的片段。

Items.cs [模型]

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace cs550.Models
{
public class Items
    {
    public string item { get; set; }
    public int unitWeight { get; set; }

    }
}

itemService.CS [服务]

using cs550.Interface;
using cs550.Models;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace cs550.Services
{
    public class itemService : IItemService
    {
        private readonly string _connectionString;
        public itemService(IConfiguration _configuration)
        {
            _connectionString = _configuration.GetConnectionString("OracleDBConnection");
        }
        public IEnumerable<Items> getAllItem()
        {
            List<Items> itemList = new List<Items>();
             using (OracleConnection con = new OracleConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            using (OracleCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
            {
                    con.Open();
                    cmd.BindByName = true;
                    cmd.CommandText = "Select item, unitWeight from Items";
                    OracleDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                    while(rdr.Read())
                    {
                        Items item = new Items
                        {
                            item = rdr["item"].ToString(),
                            unitWeight = Convert.ToInt32(rdr["unitWeight"])

                        };
                        itemList.Add(item);
                    }
                }
            }
            return itemList;
        }

    public Items getItemByItem(string it)
    {
        Items items = new Items();
         using (OracleConnection con = new OracleConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            using (OracleCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
            {
                con.Open();
                cmd.BindByName = true;
                cmd.CommandText = "Select item, unitWeight from Items Where item="+it+"";
                OracleDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                while (rdr.Read())
                {
                    items.item = rdr["item"].ToString();
                    items.unitWeight = Convert.ToInt32(rdr["unitWeight"]);
                }
            }

            return items;
        }
    }
    
    public void AddItems(Items it)
    {
        try
        {
             using (OracleConnection con = new OracleConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            using (OracleCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
            {
                    con.Open();
                    cmd.CommandText = "Insert into Items(item, unitWeight) Values('"+it.item+"',"+it.unitWeight+")";
                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            throw;
        }
    }

    public void EditItems(Items it)
    {
        try
        {
             using (OracleConnection con = new OracleConnection(_connectionString))
        {
            using (OracleCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
            {
                    con.Open();
                    cmd.CommandText = "Update Items Set unitWeight="+it.unitWeight+" where item='"+it.item+"'";
                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            throw;
        }
    }
}
}

IItemService.cs [接口]

using cs550.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace cs550.Interface
{
    public interface IItemService
    {
        IEnumerable<Items> getAllItem();
        Items getItemByItem(string it);

        void AddItems(Items it);

        public void EditItems(Items it);
    }
}

结构体

using cs550.Interface;
using cs550.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace cs550
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddTransient<IItemService, itemService>();
        services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(Configuration);
        services.AddMvc().AddRazorPagesOptions(options =>
        {
            options.Conventions.AddPageRoute("/Items/Index", "");
        });
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
            app.UseHsts();
        }
        app.UseHttpsRedirection();
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Items}/{action=Index}/{item?}");
        });
    }
}
}

appsetting.JSON

{
"Logging": {
  "LogLevel": {
    "Default": "Information",
    "Microsoft": "Warning",
    "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
  }
},
"ConnectionStrings": {
  "OracleDBConnection": "User Id=myUserID;Password=myPassword; Data Source= remoteURL:1521/DB"
},
"AllowedHosts": "*"
}

项目控制器.cs

using cs550.Interface;
using cs550.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace cs550.Controllers
{
    public class ItemsController : Controller
    {
        IItemService itemService;

        public ItemsController(IItemService _itemService)
        {
            itemService = _itemService;
        }

        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            IEnumerable<Items> items = itemService.getAllItem();
            return View();
        }

    public ActionResult Create()
    {
        return View();
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Create(Items it)
    {
        itemService.AddItems(it);
        return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
    }

    public ActionResult Edit(string item)
    {
        Items it = itemService.getItemByItem(item);
        return View(it);
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult Edit(Items it)
    {
        itemService.EditItems(it);
        return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
    }
}
}

我的剃刀页面：

索引.cshtml

 @model IEnumerable<cs550.Models.Items> @{ ViewData["Title"] = "Index"; } <h1>Index</h1> <p> <a asp-action="Create">Create New</a> </p> <table class="table"> <thead> <tr> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.item) </th> <th> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.unitWeight) </th> <th></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.item) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.unitWeight) </td> <td> @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item }) | @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item }) </td> </tr> } </tbody> </table>

创建.cshtml

 @model cs550.Models.Items @{ ViewData["Title"] = "Create"; } <h1>Create</h1> <h4>Items</h4> <hr /> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <form asp-action="Create"> <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"></div> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="item" class="control-label"></label> <input asp-for="item" class="form-control" /> <span asp-validation-for="item" class="text-danger"></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="unitWeight" class="control-label"></label> <input asp-for="unitWeight" class="form-control" /> <span asp-validation-for="unitWeight" class="text-danger"></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input type="submit" value="Create" class="btn btn-primary" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div> <a asp-action="Index">Back to List</a> </div> @section Scripts { @{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");} }

编辑.cshtml

 @model cs550.Models.Items @{ ViewData["Title"] = "Edit"; } <h1>Edit</h1> <h4>Items</h4> <hr /> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <form asp-action="Edit"> <div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"></div> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="item" class="control-label"></label> <input asp-for="item" class="form-control" /> <span asp-validation-for="item" class="text-danger"></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label asp-for="unitWeight" class="control-label"></label> <input asp-for="unitWeight" class="form-control" /> <span asp-validation-for="unitWeight" class="text-danger"></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input type="submit" value="Save" class="btn btn-primary" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div> <a asp-action="Index">Back to List</a> </div> @section Scripts { @{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");} }

Answer 1

    Change:

     using (OracleConnection con = new OracleConnection(_connectionString))
            {
                using (OracleCommand cmd = new OracleCommand())
                {
                

到：

      using(OracleConnection con = new OracleConnection(_connectionString))
     {  
              using(OracleCommand cmd = con.CreateCommand())
              {   

您必须在数据阅读器中使用 PL/SQL 文本，或者您可以创建一个存储过程并使用引用游标来处理数据

也改变：

public class itemController : Controller

到

public class ItemsController : Controller

更改您的操作索引代码：

 public ActionResult Index()
        {
            IEnumerable<Items> items = itemService.getAllItem();
            return View(items);
        }

Answer 2

Error 404 Not Found是一个客户端错误，表明Error 404 Not Found您正在搜索的资源。 这里您要搜索的资源是Index in items 。
在Startup.cs您提到的路线为{controller=Items}/{action=Index}/{item?} 。 因此，在加载时，它将搜索名为Items的控制器，然后将执行Index操作。 这里控制器名称不同，它是item ，因此无法找到Index操作。 因此，将其更改为正确的控制器名称为public class ItemsController : Controller将解决404问题。
如果您想在路由中使用它，请将 http 动词（Post、Get、Put、Delete）添加到操作中。 这里一些像Edit这样的方法缺少这些动词。
还要注意的另一件事是，您没有添加任何剃刀页面，因此我希望您将直接在浏览器中调用路由或使用邮递员/提琴手之类的工具。 因此，当您启动 IISExpress 时，它将转到映射到默认路由的localhost:<port number> 。 因此，如果您想访问任何特定操作，请更改调用方法，例如 Get 或 Post，并添加适当的路由路径。