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创建 Web 组件时如何定义全局常量?

[英]How to define global constant when creating Web component?

我正在创建自定义 web 组件“upload-widget”,并在构造函数中声明三个常量,以便稍后在函数中引用:

const template = document.createElement('template');
template.innerHTML = `
  <div id="dropper-zone">
    <input type="file" name="file_input" id="file_name">
    <button type="button" id="upload_btn">Upload</button>
    <div id="upload_status"></div>
  </div>
  `;

class UploadWidget extends HTMLElement {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
    this.shadowRoot.appendChild(template.content.cloneNode(true));

    const FILE_NAME = this.shadowRoot.getElementById("file_name");
    const UPLOAD_BUTTON = this.shadowRoot.getElementById("upload_btn");
    const UPLOAD_STATUS = this.shadowRoot.getElementById("upload_status");


  };

  upload_action() {
    if (!FILE_NAME.value) {
    console.log("File does not exists");
        return;
    UPLOAD_STATUS.innerHTML = 'File Uploaded';
  };

  connectedCallback() {
    UPLOAD_BUTTON.addEventListener("click", () => this.upload_action());
  }
}

customElements.define('upload-widget', UploadWidget);

此代码失败,因为 Javascript 无法识别“connectedCallback()”和 function“upload_action()”中声明的常量。 将声明移动到任一函数使常量仅对 function scope 有效,而不是超出。 如何声明对 class 的整个 scope (包括函数)有效的常量/变量?

您需要将它们声明为 class 变量,因此您的constructor如下所示:

constructor() {
    super();
    this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
    this.shadowRoot.appendChild(template.content.cloneNode(true));

    this.FILE_NAME = this.shadowRoot.getElementById("file_name");
    this.UPLOAD_BUTTON = this.shadowRoot.getElementById("upload_btn");
    this.UPLOAD_STATUS = this.shadowRoot.getElementById("upload_status");
  };

稍后在代码中,您可以通过this.UPLOAD_BUTTON访问它们。

忠告:命名变量时尽量使用camelCase,看起来更“javascripty”。 所以代替this.UPLOAD_BUTTONthis.uploadButton

请注意,您的模板使用有点臃肿,您可以这样做:

 constructor() {
    let html = `
         <div id="dropper-zone">
           <input type="file" name="file_input" id="file_name">
           <button type="button" id="upload_btn">Upload</button>
           <div id="upload_status"></div>
         </div>`;
    super() // sets AND returns this scope
      .attachShadow({mode: 'open'}) // sets AND returns this.shadowRoot
      .innerHTML = html;
  }

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