C - 使用指针和结构练习 - 使用空格获取字符串

Question

我正在使用结构和指针练习 C，我要求用户使用结构输入一些信息，然后使用指针对其进行修改，但是当我需要获取带空格的字符串时遇到问题。 我将所有 scanfs 切换为 fgets，但 output 仍然出现问题。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAXTSTR 25

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    
    typedef struct birthday {
        int day, year;
        char month[10];
    } BDATE;
    
    struct employee {
        char name[MAXTSTR];
        int id;
        float salary;
        BDATE bday;
    } emp;
    
    struct employee *ptrEmp = &emp;

    printf("Enter employee name:");
    fgets(emp.name, MAXTSTR, stdin );
    printf("enter id number:");
    scanf(" %d", &emp.id);
    printf("enter salary");
    scanf(" %f", &emp.salary);
    printf("enter birhday:");
    scanf(" %d", &emp.bday.day);
    printf("enter year:");
    scanf(" %d", &emp.bday.year);
    printf("enter month:");
    fgets(emp.bday.month, MAXTSTR, stdin);
    
    printf("\nName: %s \nID: %d \nSalary: %.2f\n", emp.name, emp.id, emp.salary);
    printf("%d %s %d", emp.bday.day, emp.bday.month, emp.bday.year);
    
    printf("\n------------------------------------\n");
    
    printf("Enter employee name:");
    fgets(ptrEmp->name, MAXTSTR, stdin);
    printf("enter id number:");
    scanf(" %d", &ptrEmp->id);
    printf("enter salary");
    scanf(" %f", &ptrEmp->salary);
    printf("enter birhday:");
    scanf(" %d", &ptrEmp->bday.day);
    printf("enter year:");
    scanf(" %d", &ptrEmp->bday.year);
    printf("enter month:");
    scanf(ptrEmp->bday.month, MAXTSTR, stdin);
    
    printf("\nName: %s \nID: %d \nSalary: %.2f\n",
       ptrEmp->name, ptrEmp->id, ptrEmp->salary);
    printf("%d %s %d", ptrEmp->bday.day, ptrEmp->bday.month,
       ptrEmp->bday.year);
    
    return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

输入和 OUTPUT 示例

Enter employee name:Luis Oliveira
enter id number:01
enter salary1525.25
enter birhday:05
enter year:1991
enter month:
Name: Luis Oliveira
 
ID: 1 
Salary: 1525.25
5 
 1991
------------------------------------
Enter employee name:Patricia Santos
enter id number:02
enter salary16546.46
enter birhday:05
enter year:1946
enter month:Fev

Name: Patricia Santos
 
ID: 2 
Salary: 16546.46
5 
 1946

我做错了什么？

预先感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

混合scanf()和fgets()可能会非常混乱： scanf()在输入 stream 中留下挂起的换行符， fgets()读取它并立即返回，因为它已到达行尾。

您可以使用scanf("%9s", emp.bday.month);读取月份以及带有scanf(" %14[^\n]", ptrEmp->name); .

还要检查导致scanf()返回与预期1不同的值的无效输入。

修改程序：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAXTSTR 25

typedef struct birthday {
    int day, year;
    char month[10];
} BDATE;

struct employee {
    char name[MAXTSTR];
    int id;
    float salary;
    BDATE bday;
};

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    struct employee emp;    

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        printf("Enter employee name: ");
        if (scanf(" %14[^\n]", emp.name) != 1)
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        printf("enter id number: ");
        if (scanf(" %d", &emp.id) != 1)
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        printf("enter salary: ");
        if (scanf(" %f", &emp.salary) != 1)
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        printf("enter birthday: ");
        if (scanf(" %d", &emp.bday.day) != 1)
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        printf("enter year: ");
        if (scanf(" %d", &emp.bday.year) != 1)
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        printf("enter month: ");
        if (scanf("%9s", emp.bday.month) != 1)
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        
        printf("\n\nName: %s\nID: %d\nSalary: %.2f\n", emp.name, emp.id, emp.salary);
        printf("Birthday: %d %s %d\n", emp.bday.day, emp.bday.month, emp.bday.year);
        
        printf("\n------------------------------------\n");
    }
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}