Improve performance on a dedicated server to Wordpress - NGINX, PHP 7.4, Redis, MariaDB

Question

我有一个具有此硬件配置的专用服务器：

CPU: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz 
RAM: 64GB
Disk: SSD 512GB

我的堆栈是：

SO: Ubuntu latest LTS
Web Server: Nginx 1.18.0
Language: PHP 7.4
Database: MariaDB 10.3.25

目前，TTFB 大约为 400 毫秒，我在 Wordpress 仪表板和站点性能上遇到了一些缓慢的请求问题。

我知道站点方面的优化，但是我测试了一些东西来解决真正的问题：服务器端。

我有 200 多个站点，都在 Wordpress 和“Tiedye”中，只使用最好的插件。 所有这些都通过最佳选项和缓存插件（WP Rocket）连接到 Cloudflare。

关于软件的配置，如下：

NGINX

user www-data;

worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 100000;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit;

pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*;

events {
        worker_connections 4096;
        multi_accept on;
        use epoll;
}

http {
        #BASIC CACHE
        open_file_cache max=200000 inactive=20s;
        open_file_cache_valid 30s;
        open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
        open_file_cache_errors on;

        access_log off;
        server_tokens off;
        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        keepalive_timeout 30;
        send_timeout 2;
        keepalive_requests 100000;
        reset_timedout_connection on;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
        #LARGE URL, LARGE REQUESTS AND SIZES IMPROVE
        large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
        client_max_body_size 500M;
        client_header_buffer_size 3M;
        client_body_buffer_size 128k;
        client_body_timeout   30m;
        client_header_timeout 30m;
        proxy_send_timeout 6000;
        proxy_read_timeout 6000;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 3600;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 3600;
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 512;

        #SSL
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        ssl_ciphers 'EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH';
        ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;
        ssl_session_tickets off;
        ssl_buffer_size 4k;
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout 1h;

        #DEFAULT
        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;

        #SECURITY
        limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=conn_limit_per_ip:10m;        limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit_per_ip:10m rate=5r/s;

        #COMPRESS AND CACHE
        gzip on;
        gzip_disable "msie6";
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_proxied any;
        gzip_comp_level 6;
        gzip_buffers 16 8k;
        gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf font/opentype image/svg+xml image/x-icon image/jpeg image/png image/jpg;

        fastcgi_buffers 8 16k;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
        fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
        fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
        fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi levels=1:2 keys_zone=WORDPRESS:100m inactive=60m;
        fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";

        proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/proxy levels=1:2 keys_zone=PROXY:10m max_size=10g inactive=60m use_temp_path=off;
        proxy_cache_revalidate on;
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;
}

NGINX/PHP

### SERVER ###

index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

#RULES FOR NOT CACHE

set $skip_cache 0;

if ($request_method = POST) {
    set $skip_cache 1;
}

if ($query_string != "") {
    set $skip_cache 1;
}

if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|index.php|sitemap(_index)?.xml") {
    set $skip_cache 1;
}

if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") {
    set $skip_cache 1;
}

#RULES AND REWRITES

location ~ ([^/]*)sitemap(.*)\.x(m|s)l$ {
  rewrite ^/sitemap\.xml$ /sitemap_index.xml permanent;
  rewrite ^/([a-z]+)?-?sitemap\.xsl$ /index.php?xsl=$1 last;
  rewrite ^.*/sitemap_index\.xml$ /index.php?sitemap=1 last;
  rewrite ^.*/([^/]+?)-sitemap([0-9]+)?\.xml$ /index.php?sitemap=$1&sitemap_n=$2 last;
  rewrite ^/news_sitemap\.xml$ /index.php?sitemap=wpseo_news last;
  rewrite ^/locations\.kml$ /index.php?sitemap=wpseo_local_kml last;
  rewrite ^/geo_sitemap\.xml$ /index.php?sitemap=wpseo_local last;
  rewrite ^/video-sitemap\.xsl$ /index.php?xsl=video last;

  access_log off;
}

location ~* /(?:uploads|files|wp-content|wp-includes|akismet)/.*.php$ {    deny all;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
}

rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent;

location ~* ^.+\.(ogg|ogv|svg|svgz|eot|otf|woff|mp4|ttf|rss|atom|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf)$ {
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
        expires max;
        add_header Cache-Control "max-age=2592000";
}

location ~* \.(?:manifest|appcache|html?|xml|json)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "max-age=0";
}

location ~* \.(?:rss|atom)$ {
        add_header Cache-Control "max-age=3600";
}

location ~* \.svgz$ {
        access_log off;
        gzip off;
        expires 360d;
        add_header Cache-Control "max-age=2592000";
}

location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
        expires 360d;
        add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000";
}

location = /robots.txt {
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
}

location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
}

location ~ /\.user.ini {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        try_files $fastcgi_script_name = 404;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_cache WORDPRESS;
        fastcgi_cache_valid 200 30m;
        fastcgi_cache_methods GET HEAD;
        fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;
        fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;

        proxy_cache PROXY;

        # Hide PHP Version

        fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
        proxy_hide_header X-Powered-By;

        add_header X-Fastcgi-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload";

        include fastcgi.conf;

        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
}

location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}

PHP 自定义配置：

memory_limit = 512M
max_input_time = 50000
max_execution_time = 50000
expose_php = Off
post_max_size = 20M

--- POOL ---

pm = static
pm.max_children = 220
pm.max_requests = 0
request_terminate_timeout = 20000

MARIADB 自定义配置：

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 18G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 18
innodb_log_file_size = 6G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 512M
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
max_allowed_packet = 512M
max_connections = 500
table_open_cache = 6000
table_open_cache_instances = 8
table_definition_cache = 2000
tmp_table_size = 64M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 100
key_buffer_size = 128M
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
log_warnings = 2

关于这么多信息和配置，一些直接提示可以提高我的网站的 TTFB 和速度？

PS：如果您是这方面的专家并想帮助我，我会考虑“支付咖啡”比较之后的结果。

Answer 1

WP 在 wp_postmeta 上有一些草率的索引。 这可能解释了慢查询，这可能解释了高 TTFB。 以下是有关架构修复的详细信息：

http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/index_cookbook_mysql#speeding_up_wp_postmeta

系统有交换吗？ 数据集是否小于 18GB？ 任何一个问题都可能导致其他一些（不太可能的）补救措施。