在 .NET/C# 中测试进程是否具有管理权限

Question

是否有一种规范的方法来测试进程是否在机器上具有管理权限？

我将开始一个长时间运行的进程，在进程生命周期的后期，它将尝试一些需要管理员权限的事情。

我希望能够预先测试该流程是否拥有这些权利，而不是稍后进行。

Answer 1

这将检查用户是否在本地管理员组中（假设您没有检查域管理员权限）

using System.Security.Principal;

public bool IsUserAdministrator()
{
    //bool value to hold our return value
    bool isAdmin;
    WindowsIdentity user = null;
    try
    {
        //get the currently logged in user
        user = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent();
        WindowsPrincipal principal = new WindowsPrincipal(user);
        isAdmin = principal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator);
    }
    catch (UnauthorizedAccessException ex)
    {
        isAdmin = false;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        isAdmin = false;
    }
    finally
    {
        if (user != null)
            user.Dispose();
    }
    return isAdmin;
}

Answer 2

从 Wadih M 的代码开始，我有一些额外的 P/Invoke 代码来尝试处理 UAC 开启的情况。

http://www.davidmoore.info/blog/2011/06/20/how-to-check-if-the-current-user-is-an-administrator-even-if-uac-is-on/

首先，我们需要一些代码来支持 GetTokenInformation API 调用：

[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool GetTokenInformation(IntPtr tokenHandle, TokenInformationClass tokenInformationClass, IntPtr tokenInformation, int tokenInformationLength, out int returnLength);

/// <summary>
/// Passed to <see cref="GetTokenInformation"/> to specify what
/// information about the token to return.
/// </summary>
enum TokenInformationClass
{
     TokenUser = 1,
     TokenGroups,
     TokenPrivileges,
     TokenOwner,
     TokenPrimaryGroup,
     TokenDefaultDacl,
     TokenSource,
     TokenType,
     TokenImpersonationLevel,
     TokenStatistics,
     TokenRestrictedSids,
     TokenSessionId,
     TokenGroupsAndPrivileges,
     TokenSessionReference,
     TokenSandBoxInert,
     TokenAuditPolicy,
     TokenOrigin,
     TokenElevationType,
     TokenLinkedToken,
     TokenElevation,
     TokenHasRestrictions,
     TokenAccessInformation,
     TokenVirtualizationAllowed,
     TokenVirtualizationEnabled,
     TokenIntegrityLevel,
     TokenUiAccess,
     TokenMandatoryPolicy,
     TokenLogonSid,
     MaxTokenInfoClass
}

/// <summary>
/// The elevation type for a user token.
/// </summary>
enum TokenElevationType
{
    TokenElevationTypeDefault = 1,
    TokenElevationTypeFull,
    TokenElevationTypeLimited
}

然后，检测用户是否是管理员的实际代码（如果是，则返回 true，否则返回 false）。

var identity = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent();
if (identity == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn't get the current user identity");
var principal = new WindowsPrincipal(identity);

// Check if this user has the Administrator role. If they do, return immediately.
// If UAC is on, and the process is not elevated, then this will actually return false.
if (principal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator)) return true;

// If we're not running in Vista onwards, we don't have to worry about checking for UAC.
if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform != PlatformID.Win32NT || Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major < 6)
{
     // Operating system does not support UAC; skipping elevation check.
     return false;
}

int tokenInfLength = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(int));
IntPtr tokenInformation = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(tokenInfLength);

try
{
    var token = identity.Token;
    var result = GetTokenInformation(token, TokenInformationClass.TokenElevationType, tokenInformation, tokenInfLength, out tokenInfLength);

    if (!result)
    {
        var exception = Marshal.GetExceptionForHR( Marshal.GetHRForLastWin32Error() );
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn't get token information", exception);
    }

    var elevationType = (TokenElevationType)Marshal.ReadInt32(tokenInformation);

    switch (elevationType)
    {
        case TokenElevationType.TokenElevationTypeDefault:
            // TokenElevationTypeDefault - User is not using a split token, so they cannot elevate.
            return false;
        case TokenElevationType.TokenElevationTypeFull:
            // TokenElevationTypeFull - User has a split token, and the process is running elevated. Assuming they're an administrator.
            return true;
        case TokenElevationType.TokenElevationTypeLimited:
            // TokenElevationTypeLimited - User has a split token, but the process is not running elevated. Assuming they're an administrator.
            return true;
        default:
            // Unknown token elevation type.
            return false;
     }
}
finally
{    
    if (tokenInformation != IntPtr.Zero) Marshal.FreeHGlobal(tokenInformation);
}

Answer 3

如果您想确保您的解决方案在 Vista UAC 中有效，并且拥有 .Net Framework 3.5 或更高版本，您可能需要使用 System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement 命名空间。 您的代码如下所示：

bool isAllowed = false;
using (PrincipalContext pc = new PrincipalContext(ContextType.Machine, null))
{
    UserPrincipal up = UserPrincipal.Current;
    GroupPrincipal gp = GroupPrincipal.FindByIdentity(pc, "Administrators");
    if (up.IsMemberOf(gp))
        isAllowed = true;
}

Answer 4

试过 Erwin 的代码，但它没有编译。

让它像这样工作：

[DllImport("shell32.dll")] public static extern bool IsUserAnAdmin();

Answer 5

使用 .NET Framework 4.5，检查用户是否在管理员组中似乎更容易：

WindowsPrincipal principal = WindowsPrincipal.Current;
bool canBeAdmin = principal.Claims.Any((c) => c.Value == "S-1-5-32-544");

Answer 6

正如其他人评论的那样，如果用户使用提升的令牌运行，则利用 IsInRole 方法的其他答案仅返回 true。 这是在标准和提升的上下文中仅检查本地管理员组成员身份的潜在替代方法：

bool isAdmin = false;
using (var user = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())
{
    var principal = new WindowsPrincipal(user);
    // Check for token claim with well-known Administrators group SID
    const string LOCAL_ADMININSTRATORS_GROUP_SID = "S-1-5-32-544";
    if (principal.Claims.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Value == LOCAL_ADMININSTRATORS_GROUP_SID) != null)
    {
        isAdmin = true;
    }
}

return isAdmin;

Answer 7

用户可以将 WMI 与类似的内容一起使用，以确定该帐户是否为管理员，以及您想了解的有关该帐户的任何其他信息

using System;
using System.Management;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WMISample
{
    public class MyWMIQuery
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            try
            {
                ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = 
                    new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\CIMV2", 
                    "SELECT * FROM Win32_UserAccount"); 

                foreach (ManagementObject queryObj in searcher.Get())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------");
                    Console.WriteLine("Win32_UserAccount instance");
                    Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------");
                    Console.WriteLine("AccountType: {0}", queryObj["AccountType"]);
                    Console.WriteLine("FullName: {0}", queryObj["FullName"]);
                    Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", queryObj["Name"]);
                }
            }
            catch (ManagementException e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while querying for WMI data: " + e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

为了更容易开始下载WMI Creator

您还可以使用它访问活动目录 (LDAP) 或您计算机/网络上的任何其他内容

Answer 8

以下经过测试可在 Windows 10 和 Ubuntu Linux 上的 .NET Core 3 中运行：

[DllImport("libc")]
public static extern uint getuid(); // Only used on Linux but causes no issues on Windows

static bool RunningAsAdmin()
{
    if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
    {
        using var identity = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent();
        WindowsPrincipal principal = new WindowsPrincipal(identity);
        return principal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator);
    }
    else return getuid() == 0;
}

当 UAC 生效（Windows）或应用程序在 Linux 上以超级用户身份运行时（例如sudo myapp ），它返回true 。

如果有人有机会在 MacOS 上进行测试，请分享您的发现。

Answer 9

关于什么：

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

internal static class Useful {
    [DllImport("shell32.dll", EntryPoint = "IsUserAnAdmin")]
    public static extern bool IsUserAnAdministrator();
}

Answer 10

有 4 种可能的方法 - 我更喜欢：

(new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())).IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator);

以下代码可为您提供当前用户身份的所有相关声明数据的列表。

注意：在WindowsPrincipal.Current .Claims 和(new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())) .Claims 之间返回的声明列表之间存在很大差异

Console.WriteLine("press the ENTER key to start listing user claims:");
Console.ReadLine();

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
bool canBeAdmin = (new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())).IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator);
Console.WriteLine("GetCurrent IsInRole: canBeAdmin:{0}", canBeAdmin);

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
canBeAdmin = (new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())).Claims.Any((c) => c.Value == "S-1-5-32-544");
Console.WriteLine("GetCurrent Claim: canBeAdmin?:{0}", canBeAdmin);

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
canBeAdmin = (new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())).IsInRole("Administrator");
Console.WriteLine("GetCurrent IsInRole \"Administrator\": canBeAdmin?:{0}", canBeAdmin);

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
canBeAdmin = (new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())).IsInRole("Admin");
Console.WriteLine("GetCurrent IsInRole \"Admin\": canBeAdmin?:{0}", canBeAdmin);

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
canBeAdmin = WindowsPrincipal.Current.IsInRole("Admin");
Console.WriteLine("Current IsInRole \"Admin\": canBeAdmin:{0}", canBeAdmin);


Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
canBeAdmin = WindowsPrincipal.Current.IsInRole("Administrator");
Console.WriteLine("Current IsInRole \"Administrator\": canBeAdmin:{0}", canBeAdmin);

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
canBeAdmin = WindowsPrincipal.Current.Claims.Any((c) => c.Value == "S-1-5-32-544");
Console.WriteLine("Current Claim: canBeAdmin?:{0}", canBeAdmin);

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("WindowsPrincipal Claims:");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");

var propertyCount = 0;
foreach (var claim in WindowsPrincipal.Current.Claims)
{
    Console.WriteLine("{0}", propertyCount++);
    Console.WriteLine("{0}", claim.ToString());
    Console.WriteLine("Issuer:{0}", claim.Issuer);
    Console.WriteLine("Subject:{0}", claim.Subject);
    Console.WriteLine("Type:{0}", claim.Type);
    Console.WriteLine("Value:{0}", claim.Value);
    Console.WriteLine("ValueType:{0}", claim.ValueType);
}

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("WindowsPrincipal Identities Claims");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");

propertyCount = 0;
foreach (var identity in WindowsPrincipal.Current.Identities)
{
    int subPropertyCount = 0;
    foreach (var claim in identity.Claims)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", propertyCount, subPropertyCount++);
        Console.WriteLine("{0}", claim.ToString());
        Console.WriteLine("Issuer:{0}", claim.Issuer);
        Console.WriteLine("Subject:{0}", claim.Subject);
        Console.WriteLine("Type:{0}", claim.Type);
        Console.WriteLine("Value:{0}", claim.Value);
        Console.WriteLine("ValueType:{0}", claim.ValueType);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    propertyCount++;
}

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");
Console.WriteLine("Principal Id Claims");
Console.WriteLine("---------------------");

var p = new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent());
foreach (var claim in (new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent())).Claims)
{
    Console.WriteLine("{0}", propertyCount++);
    Console.WriteLine("{0}", claim.ToString());
    Console.WriteLine("Issuer:{0}", claim.Issuer);
    Console.WriteLine("Subject:{0}", claim.Subject);
    Console.WriteLine("Type:{0}", claim.Type);
    Console.WriteLine("Value:{0}", claim.Value);
    Console.WriteLine("ValueType:{0}", claim.ValueType);
}

Console.WriteLine("press the ENTER key to end");
Console.ReadLine();