创建 Xmonad 配置时使用 IO（键盘映射取决于连接的监视器数量）

Question

我正在尝试根据连接的监视器数量设置不同的 Xmonad 键映射。 原因是我在多个系统（台式机、具有不同显示器配置的笔记本电脑，包括 3 个显示器）上使用相同的 Xmonad 配置文件。 显示器在不同系统上以不同的顺序列出，这就是为什么我需要在使用 3 显示器设置时对显示索引进行硬编码。

我目前最好的尝试是这样的（所有不相关的都已删除）：

import qualified Graphics.X11.Xlib as X11
import qualified Graphics.X11.Xinerama as X11

screenKeysFor2Monitors conf@(XConfig {XMonad.modMask = modMask}) = M.fromList $
  [((m .|. mod4Mask, key), screenWorkspace sc >>= flip whenJust (windows . f)) -- Replace 'mod1Mask' with your mod key of choice.
      | (key, sc) <- zip [xK_w, xK_e] [0, 1] -- Usual screen order
      , (f, m) <- [(W.view, 0), (W.shift, shiftMask), (W.greedyView, mod1Mask)]]

screenKeysFor3Monitors conf@(XConfig {XMonad.modMask = modMask}) = M.fromList $
  [((m .|. mod4Mask, key), screenWorkspace sc >>= flip whenJust (windows . f)) -- Replace 'mod1Mask' with your mod key of choice.
      | (key, sc) <- zip [xK_w, xK_e, xK_q] [0, 2, 1] -- hardcoded according to laptop driver
      , (f, m) <- [(W.view, 0), (W.shift, shiftMask), (W.greedyView, mod1Mask)]]


screenKeys x = do
        numberOfScreens <- getScreens
        keyConfig <- case numberOfScreens of
                        3 -> screenKeysFor3Monitors x
                        _ -> screenKeysFor2Monitors x
        return keyConfig

-- | Get number of screens
getScreens = do
  screens <- do
    dpy <- X11.openDisplay ""
    rects <- X11.getScreenInfo dpy
    X11.closeDisplay dpy
    return rects
  pure $ length screens

xmonadConfig = ewmh xfceConfig{
          modMask = mod4Mask
          keys = MyKeys.screenKeys
}

我收到这个错误

Error detected while loading xmonad configuration file: /home/me/.xmonad/xmonad.hs

lib/MyXMonad/Keys.hs:51:64: error:
    * Couldn't match expected type `M.Map (KeyMask, KeySym) (X ())`
                  with actual type `IO (X ())`
    * In the expression: (screenKeys x)
      In the second argument of `($)`, namely
        `[(myKeysToAdd x), (workspaceKeys x), (screenKeys x)]`
      In the expression:
        M.unions $ [(myKeysToAdd x), (workspaceKeys x), (screenKeys x)]
   |
51 | keysToAdd x = M.unions $ [(myKeysToAdd x), (workspaceKeys x), (screenKeys x)]
   |                                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^

lib/MyXMonad/Keys.hs:242:30: error:
    * Couldn't match type `M.Map (KeyMask, KeySym)` with `IO`
      Expected type: IO (X ())
        Actual type: M.Map (KeyMask, KeySym) (X ())
    * In the expression: screenKeysFor3Monitors x
      In a case alternative: 3 -> screenKeysFor3Monitors x
      In a stmt of a 'do' block:
        keyConfig <- case numberOfScreens of
                       3 -> screenKeysFor3Monitors x
                       _ -> screenKeysFor2Monitors x
    |
242 |                         3 -> screenKeysFor3Monitors x
    |                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

lib/MyXMonad/Keys.hs:243:30: error:
    * Couldn't match type `M.Map (KeyMask, KeySym)` with `IO`
      Expected type: IO (X ())
        Actual type: M.Map (KeyMask, KeySym) (X ())
    * In the expression: screenKeysFor2Monitors x
      In a case alternative: _ -> screenKeysFor2Monitors x
      In a stmt of a 'do' block:
        keyConfig <- case numberOfScreens of
                       3 -> screenKeysFor3Monitors x
                       _ -> screenKeysFor2Monitors x
    |
243 |                         _ -> screenKeysFor2Monitors x
    |                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Please check the file for errors.

如果我理解正确，这里的问题是我的代码取决于副作用（使用监视器配置使用 IO monad）并且变得不纯。 我可以使用liftIO将IO monad 转换为X monad。 但是X monad 只能在键绑定处理程序中访问。 为 Xmonad 配置创建键绑定的代码必须是纯的，这里不需要X monad。

换句话说，如果我的情况正确，就不可能使用非纯函数定义键绑定（例如，通过查看连接的监视器）。 也许有一些解决方法？ 我对 Haskell 缺乏一个体面的理解，也许对于普通的 Haskell 程序员来说，我遗漏了一些明显的东西。

Answer 1

对 Xmonad 不太熟悉，但我猜您可以轻松地执行以下操作。 创建一个纯 function mkConfig ，它接受屏幕数量并返回所需的键映射。 然后，在你的main传递给xmonad function。 我没有尝试编译任何这些但可能你可以轻松修改它

mkConfig numberOfScreens  = -- Notice that this is a pure function
 case numberOfScreens of
   3 -> screenKeysFor3Monitors x
   _ -> screenKeysFor2Monitors x


main :: IO ()
main = do
 numberOfScreens <- getScreens                                              -- Retrive the number of screens from the system
 let keyConfig = mkConfig numberOfScreens                                   -- Makes a key mapping out of this
     xmonadConfig = ewmh xfceConfig{ modMask = mod4Mask, keys = keyConfig } -- Creates a Xmonad configuration

 xmonad xmonadConfig  -- Launch Xmonad.