SHACL 是否提供定义“目标形状”的能力？

Question

我认为答案可能是否定的，但 SHACL 中是否存在定义“目标形状”作为 targetClass、targetNode、targetObjectsOf、targetSubjectsOf 的替代方案的能力？

能够创建目标选择器似乎可以简化 SHACL 规则。

我发现自己必须使用 Boolean 逻辑来完成相同的事情，这需要相同的检查出现在需要这种类型过滤的所有形状中。

例如：

如果可能的话，创建我想成为验证的选择器/过滤器：

# human made objects that are the object of an equivalent statement - these external references could be in the graph along with our data
# but the crm:E22_Human-Made_Object class is still the same
la:isSparseObject
    a sh:PropertyShape;
    sh:path [ sh:inversePath la:equivalent ];
    sh:class crm:E22_Human-Made_Object ; # the value node must be a HumanMadeObject
    sh:minCount 1;
.

但是由于我还没有找到“选择器”功能，所以我使用 sh:or 来忽略某些人。

la:hasAtLeastOnePrimaryName
    a sh:PropertyShape;

    sh:or (
        la:isSparseObject
        [
            sh:property [
                sh:path crm:P1_is_identified_by;
                sh:qualifiedValueShape [
…

la:object
    a sh:NodeShape;
    sh:targetsClass crm:E22_Human-Made_Object; # 

    la:hasAtLeastOnePrimaryName;
.

我更喜欢使用假设的 sh:targetsShape 和 sh:targetsSeverity 属性，如下所示：

la:sparseObject
    a sh:NodeShape;
    sh:targetsClass crm:E22_Human-Made_Object; # 
    sh:targetsShape la:isSparseObject;
    sh:targetsSeverity sh:Warning;

    # the focusnodes for this shape include all E22_Human-Made_Objects that la:isSparseObject validates with sh:Warning level and below
    # so I can accumulate all sparseObject properties here
    # this approach allows me to easily segment my instances into data shape based groupings
…

所以，问题是：这可能吗？ 不是，有没有比我找到的解决方案更好的方法来解决这个问题？

谢谢！

Answer 1

啊，看起来 SPARQLTarget 就是这样做的！

https://w3c.github.io/shacl/shacl-af/#SPARQLTarget

ex:PeopleBornInCountryTarget
    a sh:SPARQLTargetType ;
    rdfs:subClassOf sh:Target ;
    sh:labelTemplate "All persons born in {$country}" ;
    sh:parameter [
        sh:path ex:country ;
        sh:description "The country that the focus nodes are 'born' in." ;
        sh:class ex:Country ;
        sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    ] ;
    sh:select """
        PREFIX ex: <http://example.com/ns#>
        SELECT ?this
        WHERE {
            ?this a ex:Person .
            ?this ex:bornIn $country .
        }
        """ .