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[英]In Oracle SQL , how can I find which tables reference a specific column (i.e have it as foreign key )?
[英]How can I find which tables reference a given table in Oracle SQL Developer?
在Oracle SQL Developer 中,如果我正在查看表上的信息,我可以查看约束,这让我可以看到外键(以及该表引用了哪些表),并且我可以查看依赖关系以查看什么包等参考表。 但我不确定如何找到哪些表引用了该表。
例如,假设我正在查看emp
表。 还有一个表emp_dept
,它记录了哪些员工在哪些部门工作,它通过emp
表的主键emp_id
来引用emp
表。 有没有办法(通过程序中的某些 UI 元素,而不是通过 SQL)找到emp_dept
表引用了emp
表,而我不必知道emp_dept
表是否存在?
不可以。Oracle SQL Developer 没有提供这样的选项。
您必须手动执行查询或使用其他工具(例如PLSQL Developer有这样的选项)。 以下 SQL 是 PLSQL Developer 使用的 SQL:
select table_name, constraint_name, status, owner
from all_constraints
where r_owner = :r_owner
and constraint_type = 'R'
and r_constraint_name in
(
select constraint_name from all_constraints
where constraint_type in ('P', 'U')
and table_name = :r_table_name
and owner = :r_owner
)
order by table_name, constraint_name
其中r_owner
是架构,而r_table_name
是您要查找其引用的表。 名称区分大小写
请注意,因为在 Oracle SQL Developer 的报告选项卡上有一个选项“所有表/依赖项”,它来自ALL_DEPENDENCIES ,它指的是“当前用户可访问的过程、包、函数、包体和触发器之间的依赖关系,包括依赖关系在没有任何数据库链接的情况下创建的视图。” . 那么,这份报告对你的问题没有价值。
要将其作为扩展添加到 SQL Developer,请执行以下操作:
<items>
<item type="editor" node="TableNode" vertical="true">
<title><![CDATA[FK References]]></title>
<query>
<sql>
<![CDATA[select a.owner,
a.table_name,
a.constraint_name,
a.status
from all_constraints a
where a.constraint_type = 'R'
and exists(
select 1
from all_constraints
where constraint_name=a.r_constraint_name
and constraint_type in ('P', 'U')
and table_name = :OBJECT_NAME
and owner = :OBJECT_OWNER)
order by table_name, constraint_name]]>
</sql>
</query>
</item>
</items>
将扩展添加到 SQL Developer:
导航到任何表,您现在应该会在 SQL 旁边看到一个附加选项卡,标记为 FK 引用,它显示新的 FK 信息。
参考
在下面的查询中用emp替换 [Your TABLE]
select owner,constraint_name,constraint_type,table_name,r_owner,r_constraint_name
from all_constraints
where constraint_type='R'
and r_constraint_name in (select constraint_name
from all_constraints
where constraint_type in ('P','U')
and table_name='[YOUR TABLE]');
您可以从ALL_CONSTRAINTS
视图中查询:
SELECT table_name
FROM ALL_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE constraint_type = 'R' -- "Referential integrity"
AND r_constraint_name IN
( SELECT constraint_name
FROM ALL_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE table_name = 'EMP'
AND constraint_type IN ('U', 'P') -- "Unique" or "Primary key"
);
2015 年 5 月发布的 SQL Developer 4.1 添加了一个模型选项卡,该选项卡显示以实体关系图格式引用您的表的表外键。
SELECT DISTINCT table_name,
constraint_name,
column_name,
r_table_name,
position,
constraint_type
FROM (SELECT uc.table_name,
uc.constraint_name,
cols.column_name,
(SELECT table_name
FROM user_constraints
WHERE constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name) r_table_name,
(SELECT column_name
FROM user_cons_columns
WHERE constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name
AND position = cols.position) r_column_name,
cols.position,
uc.constraint_type
FROM user_constraints uc
inner join user_cons_columns cols
ON uc.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name
WHERE constraint_type != 'C')
START WITH table_name = '&&tableName'
AND column_name = '&&columnName'
CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR table_name = r_table_name
AND PRIOR column_name = r_column_name;
这样的事情怎么样:
SELECT c.constraint_name, c.constraint_type, c2.constraint_name, c2.constraint_type, c2.table_name
FROM dba_constraints c JOIN dba_constraints c2 ON (c.r_constraint_name = c2.constraint_name)
WHERE c.table_name = <TABLE_OF_INTEREST>
AND c.constraint_TYPE = 'R';
要添加到 sql developer plugin 的上述答案,使用下面的 xml 将有助于获取与外键关联的列。
<items>
<item type="editor" node="TableNode" vertical="true">
<title><![CDATA[FK References]]></title>
<query>
<sql>
<![CDATA[select a.owner,
a.constraint_name,
a.table_name,
b.column_name,
a.status
from all_constraints a
join all_cons_columns b ON b.constraint_name = a.constraint_name
where a.constraint_type = 'R'
and exists(
select 1
from all_constraints
where constraint_name=a.r_constraint_name
and constraint_type in ('P', 'U')
and table_name = :OBJECT_NAME
and owner = :OBJECT_OWNER)
order by table_name, constraint_name]]>
</sql>
</query>
</item>
</items>
我喜欢用一个直接的 SQL 查询来做到这一点,而不是搞乱 SQL Developer 应用程序。
这是我刚刚做到的。 最好通读一遍并了解发生了什么,以便您可以对其进行调整以满足您的需求......
WITH all_primary_keys AS (
SELECT constraint_name AS pk_name,
table_name
FROM all_constraints
WHERE owner = USER
AND constraint_type = 'P'
)
SELECT ac.table_name || ' table has a foreign key called ' || upper(ac.constraint_name)
|| ' which references the primary key ' || upper(ac.r_constraint_name) || ' on table ' || apk.table_name AS foreign_keys
FROM all_constraints ac
LEFT JOIN all_primary_keys apk
ON ac.r_constraint_name = apk.pk_name
WHERE ac.owner = USER
AND ac.constraint_type = 'R'
AND ac.table_name = nvl(upper(:table_name), ac.table_name)
ORDER BY ac.table_name, ac.constraint_name
;
仅将table_name替换为您的主表名
select *
from all_constraints
where r_constraint_name in (
select constraint_name
from all_constraints
where table_name='table_name'
);
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