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npgsql:如何在一个以集合为参数的命令中使用 npgsql 选择多行(具有多个列值)?

[英]npgsql: How to select multiple rows (with multiple column values) with npgsql in one command with a collection as a parameter?

我在下面定义了两个表, supplier_balancessupplier_balance_items (顺便说一句,两者之间存在1[supplier_balance]:N[supplier_balance_items]关系):

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances (
/* id is here for joining purposes with items table, instead of joining with the 4 columns used for sake
   of making sure a record is deemed as unique */
  id                             bigserial NOT NULL,
  accounting_document            text      NOT NULL,
  accounting_document_type       text      NOT NULL,
  company_code                   text      NOT NULL,
  document_date_year             int4      NOT NULL,
  accounting_doc_created_by_user text,
  accounting_clerk               text,
  assignment_reference           text,
  document_reference_id          text,
  original_reference_document    text,
  payment_terms                  text,
  supplier                       text,
  supplier_name                  text,
  document_date                  timestamp,
  posting_date                   timestamp,
  net_due_date                   timestamp,
  created_on                     timestamp default NULL,
  modified_on                    timestamp default NULL,
  pushed_on                      timestamp default NULL,
  is_modified bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (modified_on IS NOT NULL AND modified_on > created_on) STORED,
  is_pushed   bool GENERATED ALWAYS AS (pushed_on   IS NOT NULL AND pushed_on > modified_on)  STORED,
  CONSTRAINT supplier_balances_pkey   PRIMARY KEY (id),
  /* accounting_document being the field of the composite unique index -> faster querying */
  CONSTRAINT supplier_balances_unique UNIQUE (
     accounting_document,
     accounting_document_type,
     company_code,
     document_date_year)
);
/* Creating other indexes for querying of those as well */
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS supplier_balances_accounting_document_type_idx
ON sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances (accounting_document_type);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS supplier_balances_company_code_idx
ON sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances (company_code);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS supplier_balances_document_date_year_idx
ON sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances (document_date_year);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balance_items
(
    supplier_balance_id             bigserial NOT NULL,
    posting_view_item               text      NOT NULL,
    posting_key                     text,
    amount_in_company_code_currency numeric,
    amount_in_transaction_currency  numeric,
    cash_discount_1_percent         numeric,
    cash_discount_amount            numeric,
    clearing_accounting_document    text,
    document_item_text              text,
    gl_account                      text,
    is_cleared                      bool,
    clearing_date                   timestamp,
    due_calculation_base_date       timestamp,
    /* uniqueness is basically the posting_view_item for a given supplier balance */
    CONSTRAINT supplier_balance_items_pkey PRIMARY KEY (supplier_balance_id, posting_view_item),
    /* 1(supplier balance):N(supplier balance items) */
    CONSTRAINT supplier_balance_items_fkey FOREIGN KEY (supplier_balance_id)
               REFERENCES sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances (id)
               ON DELETE CASCADE
               ON UPDATE CASCADE
);

注意:为了简单起见,我只是填写不能为NULL的列。

INSERT INTO 
sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances 
(accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year)
VALUES 
('A', 'B', 'C', 0),
('A', 'B', 'C', 1),
('A', 'B', 'C', 2),
('A', 'B', 'C', 3),
('A', 'B', 'C', 4),
('A', 'B', 'C', 5)
RETURNING id;

输出:

ID
1
2
3
4
5
6
INSERT INTO 
sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balance_items 
(supplier_balance_id, posting_view_item)
VALUES 
(1, 'A'),
(1, 'B'),
(3, 'A'),
(3, 'B'),
(2, 'A'),
(1, 'C');
SELECT 
    accounting_document, 
    accounting_document_type, 
    company_code, 
    document_date_year
FROM sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances;

输出:

ID 会计文件 会计文件类型 公司代码 文档日期年份
1 一个 C 0
2 一个 C 1
3 一个 C 2
4 一个 C 3
5 一个 C 4
6 一个 C 5
SELECT 
    supplier_balance_id,
    posting_view_item
FROM sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balance_items;

输出:

供应商余额ID posting_view_item
1 一个
1
3 一个
3
2 一个
1 C

现在,如果我们想在 JOIN 中选择多个值,我们可以在原始 SQL 中执行:

SELECT 
    id,
    accounting_document, 
    accounting_document_type, 
    company_code, 
    document_date_year, 
    posting_view_item
FROM sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances
LEFT OUTER JOIN sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balance_items
ON supplier_balances.id = supplier_balance_items.supplier_balance_id
WHERE (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year)
IN  (('A', 'B', 'C', 1), ('A', 'B', 'C', 2))

输出:

ID 会计文件 会计文件类型 公司代码 文档日期年份 posting_view_item
2 一个 C 1 一个
3 一个 C 2 一个

https://github.com/npgsql/npgsql/issues/1199

现在,当在 C# 中使用npgsql时,重现上面的查询是一件容易的事:

using System.Data;

using Npgsql;

var connectionStringBuilder = new NpgsqlConnectionStringBuilder
{
    Host     = "localhost",
    Port     = 5432,
    Username = "brand_payment_migration",
    Password = "secret",
    Database = "brand_payment"
};
using var connection = new NpgsqlConnection(connectionStringBuilder.ToString());
connection.Open();
using var command = connection.CreateCommand();
command.CommandText = 
"SELECT id, accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year, posting_view_item " +
"FROM sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances " +
"LEFT OUTER JOIN sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balance_items " +
"ON supplier_balances.id = supplier_balance_items.supplier_balance_id " +
"WHERE (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year) " +
"IN (('A', 'B', 'C', 1), ('A', 'B', 'C', 2));";

using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
using var dataTable = new DataTable();
dataTable.Load(reader);
var cols = dataTable.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().ToArray();
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(Environment.NewLine, cols.Select((x, i) => $"Col{i} = {x}")));
Console.WriteLine(string.Join("\t", cols.Select((_, i) => $"Col{i}")));
foreach (var dataRow in dataTable.Rows.Cast<DataRow>())
{
    Console.WriteLine(string.Join("\t", dataRow.ItemArray));
}

其中,正如预期的输出:

Col0 = id
Col1 = accounting_document
Col2 = accounting_document_type
Col3 = company_code
Col4 = document_date_year
Col5 = posting_view_item
Col0    Col1    Col2    Col3    Col4    Col5
2       A       B       C       1       A
3       A       B       C       2       A
3       A       B       C       2       B

现在,我想要实现的是,而不是为(('A', 'B', 'C', 1), ('A', 'B', 'C', 2)); ,我很想使用NpgSqlParameter与一组值集(即每列))。

所以我改变了上面的 C# 片段并添加了参数

// ...
"WHERE (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year) " +
"IN @values;";
var parameter = command.CreateParameter();
parameter.ParameterName = "@values";
parameter.NpgsqlDbType = NpgsqlDbType.Array;
parameter.NpgsqlValue = new object[,]
{
    { "A", "B", "C", 1 }, 
    { "A", "B", "C", 2 }
};
// Note: the same kind of issue arises when using tuples, i.e.
// ( "A", "B", "C", 1 )
// ( "A", "B", "C", 2 )
command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
// ...

然后我得到了这个例外:

Unhandled exception. System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Cannot set NpgsqlDbType to just Array, Binary-Or with the element type (e.g. Array of Box is NpgsqlDbType.Array | Npg
sqlDbType.Box). (Parameter 'value')
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlParameter.set_NpgsqlDbType(NpgsqlDbType value)
   at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) in C:\Users\natalie-perret\Desktop\Personal\playground\csharp\CSharpPlayground\Program.cs:line 25

然后我尝试使用以下方法解决该错误:

parameter.NpgsqlDbType = NpgsqlDbType.Array | NpgsqlDbType.Unknown;

但随后又得到另一个例外:

Unhandled exception. System.ArgumentException: No array type could be found in the database for element .<unknown>
   at Npgsql.TypeMapping.ConnectorTypeMapper.ResolveByNpgsqlDbType(NpgsqlDbType npgsqlDbType)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlParameter.ResolveHandler(ConnectorTypeMapper typeMapper)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlParameterCollection.ValidateAndBind(ConnectorTypeMapper typeMapper)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior)
   at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) in C:\Users\natalie-perret\Desktop\Personal\playground\csharp\CSharpPlayground\Program.cs:line 32

似乎由于某种原因需要注册类型,实际上如果我不指定类型:

Unhandled exception. System.NotSupportedException: The CLR type System.Object isn't natively supported by Npgsql or your PostgreSQL. To use it with a PostgreSQL composite
 you need to specify DataTypeName or to map it, please refer to the documentation.
   at Npgsql.TypeMapping.ConnectorTypeMapper.ResolveByClrType(Type type)
   at Npgsql.TypeMapping.ConnectorTypeMapper.ResolveByClrType(Type type)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlParameter.ResolveHandler(ConnectorTypeMapper typeMapper)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlParameter.Bind(ConnectorTypeMapper typeMapper)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlParameterCollection.ValidateAndBind(ConnectorTypeMapper typeMapper)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior)
   at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) in C:\Users\natalie-perret\Desktop\Personal\playground\csharp\CSharpPlayground\Program.cs:line 31

[编辑]

我最终得到的临时解决方案是依赖 jsonb 支持,尤其是jsonb_to_recordset函数(请参阅PostgreSQL 文档部分关于 json 函数):

using System.Data;
using System.Text.Json;

using Npgsql;
using NpgsqlTypes;


var connectionStringBuilder = new NpgsqlConnectionStringBuilder
{
    Host     = "localhost",
    Port     = 5432,
    Username = "brand_payment_migration",
    Password = "secret",
    Database = "brand_payment"
};
using var connection = new NpgsqlConnection(connectionStringBuilder.ToString());
connection.Open();
using var command = connection.CreateCommand();
command.CommandText = 
"SELECT id, accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year, posting_view_item " +
"FROM sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances " +
"LEFT OUTER JOIN sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balance_items " +
"ON supplier_balances.id = supplier_balance_items.supplier_balance_id " +
"WHERE (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year) " +
"IN (SELECT * FROM jsonb_to_recordset(@values) " +
"AS params (accounting_document text, accounting_document_type text, company_code text, document_date_year integer));";
var parameter = command.CreateParameter();
parameter.ParameterName = "@values";
parameter.NpgsqlDbType = NpgsqlDbType.Jsonb;
parameter.NpgsqlValue = JsonSerializer.Serialize(new []
{
    new Params("A", "B", "C", 1), 
    new Params("A", "B", "C", 2)
});
command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
using var dataTable = new DataTable();
dataTable.Load(reader);
var cols = dataTable.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().ToArray();
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(Environment.NewLine, cols.Select((x, i) => $"Col{i} = {x}")));
Console.WriteLine(string.Join("\t", cols.Select((_, i) => $"Col{i}")));
foreach (var dataRow in dataTable.Rows.Cast<DataRow>())
{
    Console.WriteLine(string.Join("\t", dataRow.ItemArray));
}


public Params(
    string accounting_document, 
    string accounting_document_type,
    string company_code,
    int document_date_year);

输出:

Col0 = id
Col1 = accounting_document
Col2 = accounting_document_type
Col3 = company_code
Col4 = document_date_year
Col5 = posting_view_item
Col0    Col1    Col2    Col3    Col4    Col5
2       A       B       C       1       A
3       A       B       C       2       A
3       A       B       C       2       B

但这是以在传递参数时添加额外的 json 序列化步骤为代价的。 因此,除了构建一个非常长的字符串之外,我有点困惑的是,没有办法直接将实际值传递给NpgsqlParameter.NpgsqlValue属性,而无需额外的步骤。

[编辑 2]

添加一个DbFiddle

[编辑 3]

可以使用相同的 jsonb“技巧”来提供数据(尽管我已经在上面提到了同样的问题):

INSERT INTO sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances
    (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year)
SELECT * FROM jsonb_to_recordset(
    '[{"accounting_document":"E","accounting_document_type":"B","company_code":"C","document_date_year":1},
      {"accounting_document":"E","accounting_document_type":"B","company_code":"C","document_date_year":2}]'::jsonb)
       AS params (accounting_document text, accounting_document_type text, company_code text, document_date_year integer)
RETURNING id;

[编辑 4] 另一种方法是使用jsonb_populate_recordset并将相关的NULL::table-full-name作为第一个参数(将定义列)和相关的jsonb作为第二个参数(类似于第一个参数的jsonb_to_recordset )。

基本上实现我想要的 3 种主要方法(相应地更新了DbFiddle ):

总结一下

注意:使用带有json_table功能的 PostgreSQL 15 可能会变得更容易。

[编辑 3] 这篇文章很好地总结了一些事情: https ://dev.to/forbeslindesay/postgres-unnest-cheat-sheet-for-bulk-operations-1obg

[编辑 2]

跟进我今天早些时候提出的问题https://github.com/npgsql/npgsql/issues/4437#issuecomment-1113999994

我已经解决了@dhedey另一个以某种方式相关的问题中提到的解决方案/解决方法:

如果它对其他人有帮助,我发现使用UNNEST命令对这些类型的查询有一个很好的解决方法,该命令可以采用多个数组参数并将它们一起压缩到列中,这些列可以与表连接以过滤到相关列。

在某些情况下,连接的使用也比 ANY/IN 模式更高效。

 SELECT * FROM table WHERE (itemauthor, itemtitle) = ANY (('bob', 'hello'), ('frank', 'hi')...)

可以表示为:

 var authorsParameter = new NpgsqlParameter("@authors", NpgsqlDbType.Array | NpgsqlDbType.Varchar) { Value = authors.ToList() }; var titlesParameter = new NpgsqlParameter("@titles", NpgsqlDbType.Array | NpgsqlDbType.Varchar) { Value = titles.ToList() }; var results = dbContext.Set<MyRow>() .FromSqlInterpolated($@" SELECT t.* FROM UNNEST({authorsParameter}, {titlesParameter}) params (author, title) INNER JOIN table t ON t.author = params.author AND t.title = params.title ");

注意 - Varchar 可以被其他类型的参数替换为其他类型的数组(例如 Bigint) - 查看NpgsqlDbType枚举以获取更多详细信息。

然后我重写了我最初发布的一些代码,似乎unnest PostgreSQL 函数解决方案就像一个魅力。 这是我暂时接受的答案,它看起来比 Json / JsonB 更整洁,后者需要进一步的 postgresql-json 特定映射恶作剧或提取。

不过,我还不太确定性能影响:

  • unnest涉及您映射差异
  • jsonb_to_recordset需要额外的 .NET Json 序列化步骤,并且在某些情况下,需要将jsonb_to_recordset的输出显式映射到相关列。

两者都不是免费的。 但我喜欢unnest明确地为每一列(即每个集合/更大的 .NET 类型(元组、记录、类、结构等)的值的集合)传递给 DB 的NpgsqlParameter.NpgsqlValue属性类型将通过NpgsqlDbType枚举使用

using System.Data;

using Npgsql;
using NpgsqlTypes;


var connectionStringBuilder = new NpgsqlConnectionStringBuilder
{
    Host     = "localhost",
    Port     = 5432,
    Username = "brand_payment_migration",
    Password = "secret",
    Database = "brand_payment"
};
using var connection = new NpgsqlConnection(connectionStringBuilder.ToString());
connection.Open();

var selectStatement =
    "SELECT * FROM sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances " +
    "WHERE (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year) " +
    "IN (SELECT * FROM  unnest(" +
    "@accounting_document_texts, " +
    "@accounting_document_types, " +
    "@company_codes, " +
    "@document_date_years" +
    "))";

var insertStatement = 
    "INSERT INTO sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances " +
    "(accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year) " + 
    "SELECT * FROM unnest(" +
    "@accounting_document_texts, " +
    "@accounting_document_types, " +
    "@company_codes, " +
    "@document_date_years" + 
    ") RETURNING id;";

var parameters = new (string Name, NpgsqlDbType DbType, object Value)[]
{
    ("@accounting_document_texts", NpgsqlDbType.Array | NpgsqlDbType.Text,    new[] {"G", "G", "G"}),
    ("@accounting_document_types", NpgsqlDbType.Array | NpgsqlDbType.Text,    new[] {"Y", "Y", "Y"}),
    ("@company_codes",             NpgsqlDbType.Array | NpgsqlDbType.Text,    new[] {"Z", "Z", "Z"}),
    ("@document_date_years",       NpgsqlDbType.Array | NpgsqlDbType.Integer, new[] {1, 2, 3})
};

connection.ExecuteNewCommandAndWriteResultToConsole(insertStatement, parameters);
connection.ExecuteNewCommandAndWriteResultToConsole(selectStatement, parameters);

public static class Extensions
{
    public static void AddParameter(this NpgsqlCommand command, string name, NpgsqlDbType dbType, object value)
    {
        var parameter = command.CreateParameter();
        parameter.ParameterName = name;
        parameter.NpgsqlDbType  = dbType;
        parameter.NpgsqlValue   = value;
        command.Parameters.Add(parameter);
    }

    public static NpgsqlCommand CreateCommand(this NpgsqlConnection connection, 
        string text, 
        IEnumerable<(string Name, NpgsqlDbType DbType, object Value)> parameters)
    {
        var command = connection.CreateCommand();
        command.CommandText = text;
        foreach (var (name, dbType, value) in parameters)
        {
            command.AddParameter(name, dbType, value);
        }

        return command;
    }
    public static void ExecuteAndWriteResultToConsole(this NpgsqlCommand command)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Executing command... {command.CommandText}");
        
        using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
        using var dataTable = new DataTable();
        dataTable.Load(reader);
        var cols = dataTable.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().ToArray();
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(Environment.NewLine, cols.Select((x, i) => $"Col{i} = {x}")));
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join("\t", cols.Select((_, i) => $"Col{i}")));
        foreach (var dataRow in dataTable.Rows.Cast<DataRow>())
        {
            Console.WriteLine(string.Join("\t", dataRow.ItemArray));
        }
    }

    public static void ExecuteNewCommandAndWriteResultToConsole(this NpgsqlConnection connection, 
        string text,
        IEnumerable<(string Name, NpgsqlDbType DbType, object Value)> parameters)
    {
        using var command = connection.CreateCommand(text, parameters);
        command.ExecuteAndWriteResultToConsole();
    }
}

输出:

Executing command... INSERT INTO sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_year) SEL
ECT * FROM unnest(@accounting_document_texts, @accounting_document_types, @company_codes, @document_date_years) RETURNING id;
Col0 = id
Col0
28
29
30
Executing command... SELECT * FROM sch_brand_payment_data_lake_proxy.supplier_balances WHERE (accounting_document, accounting_document_type, company_code, document_date_y
ear) IN (SELECT * FROM  unnest(@accounting_document_texts, @accounting_document_types, @company_codes, @document_date_years))
Col0 = id
Col1 = accounting_document
Col2 = accounting_document_type
Col3 = company_code
Col4 = document_date_year
Col5 = accounting_doc_created_by_user
Col6 = accounting_clerk
Col7 = assignment_reference
Col8 = document_reference_id
Col9 = original_reference_document
Col10 = payment_terms
Col11 = supplier
Col12 = supplier_name
Col13 = document_date
Col14 = posting_date
Col15 = net_due_date
Col16 = created_on
Col17 = modified_on
Col18 = pushed_on
Col19 = is_modified
Col20 = is_pushed
Col0    Col1    Col2    Col3    Col4    Col5    Col6    Col7    Col8    Col9    Col10   Col11   Col12   Col13   Col14   Col15   Col16   Col17   Col18   Col19   Col20
28      G       Y       Z       1                                                                                                                       False   False
29      G       Y       Z       2                                                                                                                       False   False
30      G       Y       Z       3                                                                                                                       False   False

[编辑 1]

由于@Charlieface 指出这不是合适的答案,我认为最好从 npgsql 维护者/贡献者那里获得答案/信息。

因此在他们的 GitHub 存储库中提交了一个问题: https ://github.com/npgsql/npgsql/issues/4437


原答案:

到今天为止,除了其他东西之外,没有办法将元组或集合作为复合“类型”或通过位置斜杠隐式“定义”(然后可以在已经传递给参数值的集合中使用)属性),npgslq 需要先前的 PostgreSQL 类型定义(但元组和嵌套集合仍然无法解决,因为维护者或至少其中一个认为不够安全)。 https://github.com/npgsql/npgsql/issues/2154

正如例外所说,数据库中需要相应的组合。 这是因为匿名类型没有映射到记录。

因此,您应该创建一个类型和一个必须映射到该类型的结构。

仅供参考,有一个类似的问题#2097来跟踪映射组合到值元组。

但这需要 npgsql 的其他一些相关开发人员,例如#2097 ,作者/主要贡献在https://github.com/dotnet/efcore/issues/14661#issuecomment-462440199中被认为过于脆弱

请注意,在npgsql/npgsql#2097中讨论之后,我们决定放弃这个想法。 C# 值元组没有名称,因此任何到 PostgreSQL 组合的映射都将依赖于字段定义排序,这似乎非常危险/脆弱。

我终于决定接受 jsonb 替代方案,不是一个超级粉丝,但至少它允许以相对安全的方式传递集合(只要传递 jsonb 的序列化在控制之下)。

但是我最初设想的做法不是今天可以做到的。


在写这篇文章的过程中,我还学到了一件事:

  • 有一个非常好的专用于 PostgreSQL 的 Slack 服务器:postgresteam.slack.com
  • 关于在寻求 PostgreSQL 相关帮助时如何正确格式化 SQL 的一个很好的指南(尽管对作者的意见有意见): https ://www.depesz.com/2010/05/28/what-mistakes-you-can- 在 irc 上寻找帮助时避免/
  • 根据作者偏好自动格式化 SQL 的粘贴箱: https ://paste.depesz.com

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