以一对多关系联接和搜索多个MySQL表

Question

我一直在疯狂地谷歌试图解决这个问题，但运气却很少。 我想这是一个普遍的问题。

我有5个表格：订单，地址，票据，交易，line_items和发货。

transactions ， addresses和notes都具有索引的order_id字段line_items和shipments具有索引的transaction_id字段。

我获得的最佳单查询性能完全无法维持-有时超过30秒。 具有讽刺意味的是，我可以使用低于1的一大段PHP代码来完成此操作。例如，我将遍历所有注释以与给定的搜索进行匹配，将所有order_id保存在数组中。 然后，我将对所有其他表执行相同的操作。 然后，在订单表的最终查询中附加大量IN（...）语句。 效果很好，但我知道我可以做得更好。

最明显的路线无效； 只需将所有这些表左联接到原始订单表，然后按order.id分组即可花费太长时间-大约9秒。

在我的生命中，我看不到我的垃圾PHP解​​决方案比mysql内部进行所有这些计算如何更有效。

我已经重写了很多次，几乎无法回忆起我尝试过的所有不同方法……我认为这是我的第一次尝试：

SELECT o.id FROM orders o
LEFT JOIN addresses a ON a.order_id = o.id
LEFT JOIN notes n ON (n.parent_id = o.id AND n.type = "parts")
LEFT JOIN transactions t ON t.order_id = o.id
LEFT JOIN line_items li ON li.transaction_id = t.id
LEFT JOIN shipments s ON s.transaction_id = t.id
WHERE 0 = 0
AND ((a.`email` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`contact_name` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`company_name` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`address1` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`address2` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`country` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`city` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`region` LIKE "%Lachman%" || a.`postal_code` LIKE "%Lachman%" || n.`note` LIKE "%Lachman%" || t.`g_order_number` LIKE "%Lachman%" || t.`pp_txn_id` LIKE "%Lachman%" || t.`fm_invoice_num` LIKE "%Lachman%" || t.`ebay_item_id` LIKE "%Lachman%" || t.`ebay_buyer_id` LIKE "%Lachman%" || t.`ebay_transaction_id` LIKE "%Lachman%" || t.`ebay_order_id` LIKE "%Lachman%" || li.`partnum` LIKE "%Lachman%" || li.`part_id` LIKE "%Lachman%" || li.`desc` LIKE "%Lachman%" || li.`source` LIKE "%Lachman%" || s.`tracking` LIKE "%Lachman%" || s.`carrier` LIKE "%Lachman%"))
GROUP BY o.id
ORDER BY `created` DESC

2结果9.6895699501秒

我不确定格式的准确性如何，但我还会附上EXPLAINation：

id  select_type table   type    possible_keys   key key_len ref rows    Extra
1   SIMPLE  o   ALL NULL    NULL    NULL    NULL    2840    Using temporary; Using filesort
1   SIMPLE  a   ref order_id    order_id    5   apple_components.o.id   1    
1   SIMPLE  n   ref parent_id,type  type    22  const   314  
1   SIMPLE  t   ref order_id    order_id    5   apple_components.o.id   1    
1   SIMPLE  li  ref transaction_id  transaction_id  4   apple_components.t.id   1    
1   SIMPLE  s   ref transaction_id  transaction_id  4   apple_components.t.id   1   Using where

非常感谢。

[编辑：供参考，这是需要约0.02s的PHP解决方案-如何在直接的mysql中做到这一点！

if ($s['s']) {
    $search_fields = array(
        'a' => array('email', 'contact_name', 'company_name', 'address1', 'address2', 'country', 'city', 'region', 'postal_code'),
        'n' => array('note'),
        't' => array('g_order_number', 'pp_txn_id', 'fm_invoice_num', 'ebay_item_id', 'ebay_buyer_id', 'ebay_transaction_id', 'ebay_order_id'),
        'li' => array('partnum', 'part_id', 'desc', 'source'),
        's' => array('tracking', 'carrier')
    );
    $search_clauses = array();
    foreach ($search_fields as $table => $fields) {
        $the_fields = array();
        foreach ($fields as $field) $the_fields[] = $table.'.`'.$field.'`';
        $clauses = array();
        foreach (explode(' ', $s['s']) as $term) $clauses[] = 'CONCAT_WS(" ", '.implode(', ', $the_fields).') LIKE "%'.$term.'%"';
        $search_clauses[$table] = $clauses;
    }

    $order_ids = array();
    $results = mysql_query('SELECT order_id FROM addresses a WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $search_clauses['a']));
    while ($result = mysql_fetch_assoc($results)) $order_ids[] = $result['order_id'];
    $results = mysql_query('SELECT parent_id FROM notes n WHERE type = "orders" AND '.implode(' AND ', $search_clauses['n']));
    while ($result = mysql_fetch_assoc($results)) $order_ids[] = $result['parent_id'];
    $results = mysql_query('SELECT order_id FROM transactions t WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $search_clauses['t']));
    while ($result = mysql_fetch_assoc($results)) $order_ids[] = $result['order_id'];

    $transaction_ids = array();
    $results = mysql_query('SELECT transaction_id FROM line_items li WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $search_clauses['li']));
    while ($result = mysql_fetch_assoc($results)) $transaction_ids[] = $result['transaction_id'];
    $results = mysql_query('SELECT transaction_id FROM shipments s WHERE '.implode(' AND ', $search_clauses['s']));
    while ($result = mysql_fetch_assoc($results)) $transaction_ids[] = $result['transaction_id'];
    if (count($transaction_ids)) {
        $results = mysql_query('SELECT order_id FROM transactions WHERE id IN ('.implode(', ', $transaction_ids).')');
        while ($result = mysql_fetch_assoc($results)) if (!empty($result['order_id'])) $order_ids[] = $result['order_id'];
    }
}
$query = 'SELECT id FROM orders WHERE id IN ('.implode(', ', $order_ids).')';

2009-10-07：再看一次； 仍然没有找到更好的解决方案。 注释中在“ orders o”之后添加“ FORCE INDEX（PRIMARY）”的建议持续敲响了几秒钟-但我从未真正理解为什么。 此外，我还意识到我的PHP解决方案存在局限性，即具有多个术语的搜索仅在表内而不是跨表匹配。

Answer 1

您的解释的第一行跳出我的视线。 您是否将o.id字段设置为主唯一键？

确保正确设置键/索引可以减少巨大的查询量（将服务器崩溃转换为1秒响应）

另外，我将通过对CONCAT进行LIKE来简化比较逻辑：

WHERE CONCAT(
  a.email,
  a.contactname,
  ....
) LIKE "%lachman%"

Answer 2

这是您当前简化的WHERE子句：

WHERE a.email LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.contact_name LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.company_name LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.address1 LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.address2 LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.country LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.city LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.region LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR a.postal_code LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR n.note LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR t.g_order_number LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR t.pp_txn_id LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR t.fm_invoice_num LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR t.ebay_item_id LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR t.ebay_buyer_id LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR t.ebay_transaction_id LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR t.ebay_order_id LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR li.partnum LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR li.part_id LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR li.desc LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR li.source LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR s.tracking LIKE "%Lachman%" 
   OR s.carrier LIKE "%Lachman%"

您需要认真考虑要查找的列-这是我不应该在WHERE子句中列出的那些列表：

• 国家
• 市
• 区域
• 邮政编码
• PP-TXN-ID
• 易趣项目-ID
• 易趣事务id
• 易趣 - 订单 -
• partnum
• PART_ID

Answer 3

如果您确实在查询用户指定的字符串（属于您的某些字段的子集），我会考虑创建一个全文索引 ，MySQL支持MyISAM表。