Rust：从 HashMap 可变值的 downcast_ref 返回 &mut 引用

Question

正如标题所说，我们有一个运行 wasm 插件的应用程序。 每个插件都可以在State中注册自己的StateRegistry 。 然后每当执行插件时，它们都会修改各自的State 。

下面的代码说明了这一点：

use std::{collections::HashMap, any::Any};

type ContractId = String;
type GenericContractState = Box<dyn Any>;

// This will be WASM code
mod foo_contract {
    use super::StateRegistry;

    pub struct State {
    }

    pub fn update(states: &mut StateRegistry) {
        let state = states.states.get_mut(&"foo_contract".to_string()).unwrap();
        let state = state.downcast_mut::<State>().unwrap();
        // I'd prefer something like:
        // let state = state.lookup::<State>().unwrap()
    }
}

pub struct StateRegistry {
    pub states: HashMap<ContractId, GenericContractState>,
}

impl StateRegistry {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self { states: HashMap::new() }
    }

    fn register(&mut self, contract_id: ContractId, state: GenericContractState) {
        self.states.insert(contract_id, state);
    }

    /*
    fn lookup<'a, S>(&'a mut self, contract_id: &ContractId) -> Option<StateRefWrapper<'a, S>> {
        match self.states.get_mut(contract_id) {
            Some(state) => {
                let ptr = state.downcast_mut::<S>();
                match ptr {
                    Some(ptr) => Some(StateRefWrapper { _mut: state, ptr }),
                    None => None,
                }
            }
            None => None,
        }
    }
    */
}

/*
struct StateRefWrapper<'a, S> {
    _mut: &'a mut Box<dyn Any>,
    ptr: &'a mut S,
}
*/

fn main() {
    let mut states = StateRegistry::new();
    let foo_state = Box::new(foo_contract::State {});
    states.register("foo_contract".to_string(), foo_state);

    foo_contract::update(&mut states);
}

我要改进的部分是，目前插件开发人员必须使用此代码在注册表中查找他们的State ：

        let state = states.states.get_mut(&"foo_contract".to_string()).unwrap();
        let state = state.downcast_mut::<State>().unwrap();

我想在StateRegistry中创建一个可以像这样使用的相应方法：

        let state = state.lookup::<State>().unwrap()

我的尝试（上面评论）是这样的：

impl StateRegistry {
    // ...

    fn lookup<'a, S>(&'a mut self, contract_id: &ContractId) -> Option<StateRefWrapper<'a, S>> {
        match self.states.get_mut(contract_id) {
            Some(state) => {
                let ptr = state.downcast_mut::<S>();
                match ptr {
                    Some(ptr) => Some(StateRefWrapper { _mut: state, ptr }),
                    None => None,
                }
            }
            None => None,
        }
    }
}

struct StateRefWrapper<'a, S> {
    _mut: &'a mut Box<dyn Any>,
    ptr: &'a mut S,
}

我怎样才能让这个lookup() function 工作？

谢谢

Answer 1

您不能以您想要的方式构造您的StateRefWrapper ，因为它将包含两个具有相同值的可变借用。 但是，您可以只返回一个看起来足够的&mut S ：

fn lookup<'a, S: 'static>(&'a mut self, contract_id: &ContractId) -> Option<&'a mut S> {
    self.states
        .get_mut(contract_id)
        .and_then(|state| state.downcast_mut())
}

并像这样使用它：

pub fn update(states: &mut StateRegistry) {
    let state = states.lookup::<State>(&"foo_contract".to_string()).unwrap();
    // state.modify();
}