java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError org/springframework/boot/loader/JarLauncher 已由更新版本的 Java Runtime 编译

Question

我知道这个问题在 Stack Overflow 中被问过很多次，我已经研究了很多，所以请检查一下。

vinays@Vinays-MacBook-Pro demo % java -jar target/spring-boot-hello-1.0.jar
Error: A JNI error has occurred, please check your installation and try again
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: org/springframework/boot/loader/JarLauncher has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 61.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 52.0
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:756)
    at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:468)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:74)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:369)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:363)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:362)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:418)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:352)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351)
    at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(LauncherHelper.java:601)
vinays@Vinays-MacBook-Pro demo % 

我的 pom 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
            http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-hello</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>Spring Boot Hello World Example</name>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

我的maven.compiler.target和maven.compiler.source都设置为 1.8，我的 mac (M1) 中运行着 java 1.8。

java.class.version = 52.0
    java.endorsed.dirs = /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/endorsed
    java.ext.dirs = /Users/vinays/Library/Java/Extensions
        /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext
        /Library/Java/Extensions
        /Network/Library/Java/Extensions
        /System/Library/Java/Extensions
        /usr/lib/java
    java.home = /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-8.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
    java.io.tmpdir = /var/folders/46/7pq574c14f51kn1h8gjsz0hw0000gn/T/
    java.library.path = /Users/vinays/Library/Java/Extensions
        /Library/Java/Extensions
        /Network/Library/Java/Extensions
        /System/Library/Java/Extensions
        /usr/lib/java
        .
    java.runtime.name = OpenJDK Runtime Environment
    java.runtime.version = 1.8.0_292-b10
    java.specification.name = Java Platform API Specification
    java.specification.vendor = Oracle Corporation
    java.specification.version = 1.8
    java.vendor = AdoptOpenJDK
    java.vendor.url = https://adoptopenjdk.net/
    java.vendor.url.bug = https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk-support/issues
    java.version = 1.8.0_292
    java.vm.info = mixed mode
    java.vm.name = OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
    java.vm.specification.name = Java Virtual Machine Specification
    java.vm.specification.vendor = Oracle Corporation
    java.vm.specification.version = 1.8
    java.vm.vendor = AdoptOpenJDK
    java.vm.version = 25.292-b10
    line.separator = \n 
    os.arch = x86_64
    os.name = Mac OS X
    os.version = 10.16
    path.separator = :
    socksNonProxyHosts = local|*.local|169.254/16|*.169.254/16
    sun.arch.data.model = 64

我不确定为什么我仍然遇到这个问题。

Answer 1

该错误表明 Spring class org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher具有 class 版本 61 (Java 17)。 Spring Boot 3 需要 Java 17 。 您不能在 Java 8 上使用它，即使您针对 Java 8 编译自己的类也是如此。

如果要使用 Spring Boot 3，则需要升级到 Java 17，否则需要继续使用 Spring Boot 2.7.x 或更低版本。