[英]How can I send an email with attachments from a PHP form?
如何从PHP表单发送带有附件的电子邮件?
正如其他人在回答中所建议的那样,最好使用现有工具。 但是,如果您想自己动手或只是了解方式,请继续阅读。
HTML中实际上只有两个要求来发送文件附件。
enctype="multipart/form-data"
<input type="file" name="examplefile">
。 这允许用户浏览要附加的文件。 如果您同时拥有这两个文件 , 浏览器将上传所有附加文件以及表单提交 。
旁注:这些文件将作为临时文件保存在服务器上。 对于此示例,我们将获取其数据并通过电子邮件发送,但是如果将临时文件移动到永久位置,则只需创建一个文件上传表单。
本教程非常适合了解如何在PHP中构建MIME电子邮件(其中可以包含HTML内容,纯文本版本,附件等)。 我以它为起点。
基本上,您要做三件事:
content-type
例如image/jpg
或application/pdf.
更多信息可以在这里找到。 (我的示例脚本使用内置的PHP函数从每个文件中提取此信息。) 提交表单后,浏览器上载的所有文件(请参见HTML部分)都可以通过$_FILES
变量获得,该变量包含“通过HTTP POST方法上载到当前脚本的项目的关联数组”。
$_FILES
上的文档比较糟糕,但是上载后,您可以运行print_r($_FILES)
来查看其工作原理。 它将输出如下内容:
Array ( [examplefile] => Array ( [name] => your_filename.txt
[type] => text/plain [tmp_name] =>
C:\path\to\tmp\file\something.tmp [error] => 0 [size] => 200 ) )
然后,您可以使用file_get_contents($_FILES['examplefile']['tmp_name'])
获取关联的临时文件中的数据。
php.ini
有一些限制附件大小的设置。 有关更多信息,请参见此讨论 。
我创建了以下函数,该函数可以包含在页面中,并用于收集与表单一起提交的所有文件附件。 随意使用它和/或使其适应您的需求。
总附件限制是任意的,但是大量附件可能会使mail()
脚本陷入困境,或者被发送或接收电子邮件服务器拒绝。 做自己的测试。
(注意:PHP中的mail()
函数取决于php.ini
信息来了解如何发送电子邮件。)
function sendWithAttachments($to, $subject, $htmlMessage){
$maxTotalAttachments=2097152; //Maximum of 2 MB total attachments, in bytes
$boundary_text = "anyRandomStringOfCharactersThatIsUnlikelyToAppearInEmail";
$boundary = "--".$boundary_text."\r\n";
$boundary_last = "--".$boundary_text."--\r\n";
//Build up the list of attachments,
//getting a total size and adding boundaries as needed
$emailAttachments = "";
$totalAttachmentSize = 0;
foreach ($_FILES as $file) {
//In case some file inputs are left blank - ignore them
if ($file['error'] == 0 && $file['size'] > 0){
$fileContents = file_get_contents($file['tmp_name']);
$totalAttachmentSize += $file['size']; //size in bytes
$emailAttachments .= "Content-Type: "
.$file['type'] . "; name=\"" . basename($file['name']) . "\"\r\n"
."Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n"
."Content-disposition: attachment; filename=\""
.basename($file['name']) . "\"\r\n"
."\r\n"
//Convert the file's binary info into ASCII characters
.chunk_split(base64_encode($fileContents))
.$boundary;
}
}
//Now all the attachment data is ready to insert into the email body.
//If the file was too big for PHP, it may show as having 0 size
if ($totalAttachmentSize == 0) {
echo "Message not sent. Either no file was attached, or it was bigger than PHP is configured to accept.";
}
//Now make sure it doesn't exceed this function's specified limit:
else if ($totalAttachmentSize>$maxTotalAttachments) {
echo "Message not sent. Total attachments can't exceed " . $maxTotalAttachments . " bytes.";
}
//Everything is OK - let's build up the email
else {
$headers = "From: yourserver@example.com\r\n";
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n"
."Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"$boundary_text\"" . "\r\n";
$body .="If you can see this, your email client "
."doesn't accept MIME types!\r\n"
.$boundary;
//Insert the attachment information we built up above.
//Each of those attachments ends in a regular boundary string
$body .= $emailAttachments;
$body .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"\r\n"
."Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\r\n\r\n"
//Inert the HTML message body you passed into this function
.$htmlMessage . "\r\n"
//This section ends in a terminating boundary string - meaning
//"that was the last section, we're done"
.$boundary_last;
if(mail($to, $subject, $body, $headers))
{
echo "<h2>Thanks!</h2>Form submitted to " . $to . "<br />";
} else {
echo 'Error - mail not sent.';
}
}
}
如果您想查看此处发生的情况,请注释掉对mail()
的调用,并使其回显输出到屏幕。
为了发送实际的电子邮件,我建议使用PHPMailer库 ,它使一切变得更加容易。
不错的教程在这里
代码
<?php
//define the receiver of the email
$to = 'youraddress@example.com';
//define the subject of the email
$subject = 'Test email with attachment';
//create a boundary string. It must be unique
//so we use the MD5 algorithm to generate a random hash
$random_hash = md5(date('r', time()));
//define the headers we want passed. Note that they are separated with \r\n
$headers = "From: webmaster@example.com\r\nReply-To: webmaster@example.com";
//add boundary string and mime type specification
$headers .= "\r\nContent-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"PHP-mixed-".$random_hash."\"";
//read the atachment file contents into a string,
//encode it with MIME base64,
//and split it into smaller chunks
$attachment = chunk_split(base64_encode(file_get_contents('attachment.zip')));
//define the body of the message.
ob_start(); //Turn on output buffering
?>
--PHP-mixed-<?php echo $random_hash; ?>
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="PHP-alt-<?php echo $random_hash; ?>"
--PHP-alt-<?php echo $random_hash; ?>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hello World!!!
This is simple text email message.
--PHP-alt-<?php echo $random_hash; ?>
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<p>This is something with <b>HTML</b> formatting.</p>
--PHP-alt-<?php echo $random_hash; ?>--
--PHP-mixed-<?php echo $random_hash; ?>
Content-Type: application/zip; name="attachment.zip"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment
<?php echo $attachment; ?>
--PHP-mixed-<?php echo $random_hash; ?>--
<?php
//copy current buffer contents into $message variable and delete current output buffer
$message = ob_get_clean();
//send the email
$mail_sent = @mail( $to, $subject, $message, $headers );
//if the message is sent successfully print "Mail sent". Otherwise print "Mail failed"
echo $mail_sent ? "Mail sent" : "Mail failed";
?>
您可能要签出SwiftMailer 。 它对此有一个很好的教程 。
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