从浏览器获取 URL 到 C# 应用程序

Question

如何使用 C# .NET windows 窗体应用程序从 Chrome 或 Opera 的运行实例中获取 url？ 谢谢！

Answer 1

第2部分：

基本上我有太多的代码来分离这个例子的最小值，但我在下面提供了我自己的算法供你倾吐。

这个还跟踪浏览器中的选项卡，当它们重新出现时（仅限 IE），因此您需要删除不需要的位。 我似乎记得我为 IE8 修复了这个，但不确定这个修复是否在这段代码中，所以如果它需要一点点调整，不要感到惊讶:)

    // Iterate all browsers and record the details
    IntPtr hWnd = IntPtr.Zero;
    NativeWIN32.EnumChildWindows(hWnd, new NativeWIN32.Win32Callback(BrowserEnumCallback), hWnd);

    /// <summary>
    /// Called back for each IE browser.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="hWnd"></param>
    /// <param name="lParam"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    static bool BrowserEnumCallback(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr lParam)
    {
        // Is this app IE?
        if (NativeWIN32.GetClassName(hWnd) == "IEFrame")
        {
            // If this is a new browser, add it
            if (!BrowserWindows.ContainsKey(hWnd))
            {
                // Record the Browser
                BrowserWindow browser = new BrowserWindow()
                {
                    hWnd = hWnd
                };
                // Store the browser in the temp list and temp member
                TempCurrentBrowser = browser;
                BrowserWindows.Add(hWnd, browser);
            }
            else
            {
                // Store the browser in the temp list and temp member
                TempCurrentBrowser = BrowserWindows[hWnd];
            }
            TempCurrentBrowser.WindowText = NativeWIN32.GetWindowText(hWnd);
            TempCurrentBrowser.Found = true;

            // Now that we know it is a browser, look for tabbed windows and address bar
            NativeWIN32.EnumChildWindows(hWnd, new NativeWIN32.Win32Callback(BrowserEnumChildrenCallback), hWnd);
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Called back for each child window in the browser
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="hWnd"></param>
    /// <param name="lParam"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    static bool BrowserEnumChildrenCallback(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr lParam)
    {
        string classname = NativeWIN32.GetClassName(hWnd);
        switch (classname)
        {
            // This is the main address bar
            case "Edit":
                {
                    string url = NativeWIN32.GetWindowText(hWnd);
                    if (url.StartsWith(@"http://") || url.StartsWith(@"https://") || url.StartsWith("about:"))
                    {
                        TempCurrentBrowser.Url = url;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                break;

            case "ComboBoxEx32":
                {
                    string url = NativeWIN32.GetWindowText(hWnd);
                    if (url.StartsWith(@"http://") || url.StartsWith(@"https://") || url.StartsWith("about:"))
                    {
                        TempCurrentBrowser.Url = url;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                break;

            // Record any sub pages still active, by title to avoid revisiting popup
            // If this name matches the name of the browser, it is the current window
            // If so, record the browser url for reference in that tab window
            case "TabWindowClass":
                {
                    string title = NativeWIN32.GetWindowText(hWnd);
                    BrowserTabWindow tabWindow;
                    if (!TempCurrentBrowser.TabWindows.ContainsKey(hWnd))
                    {
                        // Create a new tabbed window for the current browser
                        tabWindow = new BrowserTabWindow()
                        {
                            hWnd = hWnd
                        };
                        TempCurrentBrowser.TabWindows.Add(hWnd, tabWindow);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        tabWindow = TempCurrentBrowser.TabWindows[hWnd];
                    }
                    tabWindow.WindowText = title;
                    tabWindow.Found = true;
                }
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }

第1部分：

如果 Microsoft Spy++ 可以看到地址控件，那么是可能的。

我没有安装 Opera，但 Spy++ 中的 Chrome 控件层次结构如下所示：

我用 Internet Explorer 做过类似的事情：

• 记录访问过的网站的日记 - 然后弹出窗口询问用户他们在做什么
• 显示在访问某些已知站点时弹出的小部件

Firefox 是问题的孩子，因为它在内部呈现地址栏而不是通过 Windows 控件，但我看到您已经找到了解决方案。

在 C# 中，您需要对 Windows API 方法进行非托管调用。 正如您从 C# API 代码中看到的那样（下面），它可能会涉及到一点：

const int WM_GETTEXT = 0xD;

// used for an output LPCTSTR parameter on a method call
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public struct STRINGBUFFER
{
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 256)]
    public string szText;
}

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindowEx(IntPtr parent /*HWND*/, 
                                         IntPtr next /*HWND*/, 
                                         string sClassName,  
                                         IntPtr sWindowTitle);

/// <summary>
/// 
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">handle to destination window</param>
/// <param name="msg">message</param>
/// <param name="wParam">first message parameter</param>
/// <param name="lParam"second message parameter></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd,
    int msg, int wParam, out STRINGBUFFER ClassName);


[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern int GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, out STRINGBUFFER ClassName, int nMaxCount);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern int GetClassName(IntPtr hWnd, out STRINGBUFFER ClassName, int nMaxCount);

//[DllImport("user32.dll")]
//[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
//static extern bool EnumChildWindows(IntPtr hwndParent, EnumWindowsProc lpEnumFunc, IntPtr lParam);

public delegate bool Win32Callback(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr lParam);

[DllImport("user32.Dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool EnumChildWindows(IntPtr parentHandle, Win32Callback callback, IntPtr lParam);

/// <summary>
/// Helper to get window classname
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
static public string GetClassName(IntPtr hWnd)
{
    NativeWIN32.STRINGBUFFER sLimitedLengthWindowTitle;
    NativeWIN32.GetClassName(hWnd, out sLimitedLengthWindowTitle, 256);
    return sLimitedLengthWindowTitle.szText;
}

/// <summary>
/// Helper to get window text
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
static public string GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd)
{
    NativeWIN32.STRINGBUFFER sLimitedLengthWindowTitle;
    SendMessage(hWnd, WM_GETTEXT, 256, out sLimitedLengthWindowTitle);
    //NativeWIN32.GetWindowText(hWnd, out sLimitedLengthWindowTitle, 256);
    return sLimitedLengthWindowTitle.szText;
}

所涉及的算法基本上从桌面开始搜索所有窗口，直到找到浏览器窗口（基于特定的类或窗口属性）。 然后它根据浏览器的类型搜索特定的子元素。 当您最终到达地址控件时，您可以从控件中提取地址。 希望我的助手类代码将加速您的开发。

“NativeWIN32”跟进 - 2013 年 12 月

NativeWIN32引用只是对包含有用的常量和其他 Win32 功能的方法的包装类。 我在这里完整地添加了它：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace YourProject
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Wrapper for native win32 calls
    /// </summary>
    public class NativeWIN32
    {
        const int WM_GETTEXT = 0xD;

        // used for an output LPCTSTR parameter on a method call
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public struct STRINGBUFFER
        {
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 256)]
            public string szText;
        }

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindowEx(IntPtr parent /*HWND*/, 
                                                 IntPtr next /*HWND*/, 
                                                 string sClassName,  
                                                 IntPtr sWindowTitle);

        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hWnd">handle to destination window</param>
        /// <param name="msg">message</param>
        /// <param name="wParam">first message parameter</param>
        /// <param name="lParam"second message parameter></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd,
            int msg, int wParam, out STRINGBUFFER ClassName);


        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern int GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, out STRINGBUFFER ClassName, int nMaxCount);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
        public static extern int GetClassName(IntPtr hWnd, out STRINGBUFFER ClassName, int nMaxCount);

        //[DllImport("user32.dll")]
        //[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        //static extern bool EnumChildWindows(IntPtr hwndParent, EnumWindowsProc lpEnumFunc, IntPtr lParam);

        public delegate bool Win32Callback(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr lParam);

        [DllImport("user32.Dll")]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public static extern bool EnumChildWindows(IntPtr parentHandle, Win32Callback callback, IntPtr lParam);

        /// <summary>
        /// Helper to get window classname
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hWnd"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static public string GetClassName(IntPtr hWnd)
        {
            NativeWIN32.STRINGBUFFER sLimitedLengthWindowTitle;
            NativeWIN32.GetClassName(hWnd, out sLimitedLengthWindowTitle, 256);
            return sLimitedLengthWindowTitle.szText;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Helper to get window text
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hWnd"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static public string GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd)
        {
            NativeWIN32.STRINGBUFFER sLimitedLengthWindowTitle;
            SendMessage(hWnd, WM_GETTEXT, 256, out sLimitedLengthWindowTitle);
            //NativeWIN32.GetWindowText(hWnd, out sLimitedLengthWindowTitle, 256);
            return sLimitedLengthWindowTitle.szText;
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern IntPtr FindWindowEx(IntPtr parentHandle,
    IntPtr childAfter, string className, IntPtr windowTitle);

    [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd,
        int msg, int wParam, StringBuilder ClassName);

    private static string GetURL(IntPtr intPtr, string programName, out string url)
    {
        string temp=null;
        if (programName.Equals("chrome"))
        {
            var hAddressBox = FindWindowEx(intPtr, IntPtr.Zero, "Chrome_OmniboxView", IntPtr.Zero);
            var sb = new StringBuilder(256);
            SendMessage(hAddressBox, 0x000D, (IntPtr)256, sb);
            temp = sb.ToString();
        } 
        if (programName.Equals("iexplore"))
        {
            foreach (InternetExplorer ie in new ShellWindows())
            {
                var fileNameWithoutExtension = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(ie.FullName);
                if (fileNameWithoutExtension != null)
                {
                    var filename = fileNameWithoutExtension.ToLower();
                    if (filename.Equals("iexplore"))
                    {
                        temp+=ie.LocationURL + " ";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (programName.Equals("firefox"))
       {
            DdeClient dde = new DdeClient("Firefox", "WWW_GetWindowInfo");
            dde.Connect();
            string url1 = dde.Request("URL", int.MaxValue);
            dde.Disconnect();
            temp = url1.Replace("\"","").Replace("\0","");
        }
        url = temp;
        return temp;
    }

请执行以下操作以在您的项目中从 VS.NET 添加参考 > Com > Microsoft.Internet.Controls

从http://ndde.codeplex.com/下载 DdeClient 类的 bin 并将其添加到您的项目中

Answer 3

除非浏览器被记录为自己提供该信息，否则我认为没有可靠的方法可以这样做。

话虽如此，我很确定至少 Chrome 会将历史信息存储在磁盘上的某个地方，所以最好的办法可能是弄清楚它的位置、格式以及如何读取它。

Answer 4

IE11、Chrome、Firefox、Opera、Safari 都有获取 URL 甚至 DOM 或至少文档/HTML 缓冲区的接口。 FF 实际上有一个带有导出的 DLL 可以为你做这件事，我忘记了如何在其他人下可靠地做到这一点，但我知道它已经完成了。

Answer 5

解决此问题的另一种方法可能是使用UI 自动化框架。

此示例读取 Chrome 的当前 url：

var app = AutomationElement.FromHandle(new IntPtr(chrome_hwnd));
var propFindText = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, "Address and search bar");
var textbox = app.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, propFindText);
Debug.WriteLine( textbox.GetCurrentPropertyValue(ValuePattern.ValueProperty).ToString());

这是一个关于 UI 自动化的优秀教程。

Answer 6

从 IE 中找出打开的 URL

从 COM 选项卡添加引用“Microsoft Internet Controls”，然后：

using SHDocVw;

我的完整指令列表如下所示：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using SHDocVw;

现在要从 IE 中找出标签网址，请执行以下操作：

        Dictionary<int, string> ieUrlsDictionary = new Dictionary<int, string>();
        ShellWindows ieShellWindows = new SHDocVw.ShellWindows();
        string sProcessType;
        int i = 0;

        foreach (InternetExplorer ieTab in ieShellWindows)
        {
            sProcessType = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(ieTab.FullName).ToLower();
            if (sProcessType.Equals("iexplore") && !ieTab.LocationURL.Contains("about:Tabs"))
            {
                ieUrlsDictionary[i] = ieTab.LocationURL;
                i++;
            }
        }

        //show list of url´s
        for (int j = 0; j < ieUrlsDictionary.Count; j++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ieUrlsDictionary[j]);
        }

Answer 7

我通常只使用这样的东西：

//一旦你打开浏览器：browserHandle = GetForegroundWindow();

SetFocus(browserHandle);
// send ctrl-d to get in address bar
SendKeys.SendWait("%{d}");
// send ctrl- to copy
SendKeys.SendWait("%{c}");
// then paste it where you want it

您需要一个 DLL 导入：

 [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();