未定义的引用

Question

当我为链表编译代码时，我收到一堆未定义的引用错误。 代码如下。 我一直在编译这两个语句：

g++ test.cpp 

也

g++ LinearNode.h LinearNode.cpp LinkedList.h LinkedList.cpp test.cpp  

我真的不明白为什么我会收到这些错误，因为我对 C++ 中的类真的很生疏。 我真的可以使用一些帮助。

线性节点.h：

#ifndef LINEARNODE_H
#define LINEARNODE_H
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class LinearNode
{
    public:
        //Constructor for the LinearNode class that takes no arguments 
        LinearNode();
        //Constructor for the LinearNode class that takes the element as an argument
        LinearNode(int el);
        //returns the next node in the set.
        LinearNode* getNext();
        //returns the previous node in the set
        LinearNode* getPrevious();
        //sets the next element in the set
        void setNext(LinearNode* node);
        //sets the previous element in the set
        void setPrevious(LinearNode* node);
        //sets the element of the node
        void setElement(int el);
        //gets the element of the node
        int getElement();

    private: 
        LinearNode* next;
        LinearNode* previous;
        int element;        
};//ends the LinearNode class

#endif

线性节点.cpp：

#ifndef LINEARNODE_cpp
#define LINEARNODE_cpp
#include<iostream>
#include"LinearNode.h"

using namespace std;

//Constructor for LinearNode, sets next and element to initialized states
LinearNode::LinearNode()
{
    next = NULL;
    element = 0;
}//ends LinearNode default constructor

//Constructor for LinearNode takes an element as argument.
LinearNode::LinearNode(int el)
{
    next = NULL;
    previous = NULL;
    element = 0;
}//ends LinearNode constructor

//returns the next element in the structure
LinearNode* LinearNode::getNext()
{
    return next;
}//ends getNext function

//returns previous element in structure
LinearNode* LinearNode::getPrevious()
{
    return previous;
}//ends getPrevious function

//sets the next variable for the node
void LinearNode::setNext(LinearNode* node)
{
    next = node;
}//ends the setNext function

//sets previous for the node
void LinearNode::setPrevious(LinearNode* node)
{
    previous = node;
}//ends the setPrevious function

//returns element of the node
int LinearNode::getElement()
{
    return element;
}//ends the getelement function

//sets the element of the node
void LinearNode::setElement(int el)
{
    element = el;
}//ends the setElement function

#endif

链表.h：

#ifndef LINKEDLIST_H
#define LINKEDLIST_H
#include<iostream>
#include"LinearNode.h"

using namespace std;

class LinkedList
{
    public:
        LinkedList();
        void add(int element);
        int removie (int element);

    private:
        int count;
        LinearNode *contents;
};//ends the class linked list

#endif

链表.cpp：

#ifndef LINKEDLIST_CPP
#define LINKEDLIST_CPP

#include<iostream>
#include"LinearNode.h"
#include"LinkedList.h"

using namespace std;

//linkedlist constructor for an empty linked list
LinkedList::LinkedList()
{
    count = 0;
    contents = NULL;
}//ends the constructor

//adds an element to the front of the linked list
void LinkedList::add(int element)
{
    int found = 0, current = 0;

    while( (found == 0) && (current !=count) )
    {
        if (contents.getElement() == element)
            found = 1;
        else    
        {
            contents = contents.getNext();
            current++;
        }//ends the else statement
    }//ends the while loop

    if (found == 0)
    {
        LinearNode node = new LinearNode(element);
        node.setNext(contents);
        contents.setPrevious(node);
        count++;
    }//ends the found == 0 if statment
}//ends the add function

//this function removes one element from the linked list.
int LinearNode::remove(int element)
{
    int found = 0;

    if (count == 0)
        cout << "The list is empty" << endl;
    else 
    {
        if (contents.getElement() == element)
        {
            result = contents.getElement();
            contents = contents.getNext();
        }//ends the contents.getElement() == element
        else 
        {
            previous = contents;
            current = contents.getNext();
            for (int index = 0; ( (index < count) && (found == 0) )index++)
                if (current.getElement() = element)
                    found = 1;
                else
                {
                    previous = current;
                    current = current.getNext();
                }//ends the else statement 

            if (found == 0)
                cout << "The element is not in the list" << endl;
            else
            {
                result = current.getElement();
                previous.setNext(current.getNext());
            }//ends else statement  

        }//ends the else stamtement

        count--;
    }//ends the else statement of count == 0
    return result;
}//ends the remove function

#endif

测试.cpp：

#include<iostream>
#include"LinearNode.h"
#include"LinkedList.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{

    LinearNode node1, node2, node3, move;
    LinkedList list;    

    node1.setElement(1);
    node2.setElement(2);
    node3.setElement(3);
}   

Answer 1

1. 通常头文件保护是针对头文件（即.h ）而不是源文件（即.cpp ）。
2. 在源文件中包含必要的标准头文件和命名空间。

线性节点.h：

#ifndef LINEARNODE_H
#define LINEARNODE_H

class LinearNode
{
    // .....
};

#endif

线性节点.cpp：

#include "LinearNode.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// And now the definitions

链表.h：

#ifndef LINKEDLIST_H
#define LINKEDLIST_H

class LinearNode; // Forward Declaration
class LinkedList
{
    // ...
};

#endif

链表文件

#include "LinearNode.h"
#include "LinkedList.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Definitions

test.cpp是源文件很好。 请注意，头文件永远不会被编译。 假设所有文件都在一个文件夹中 -

g++ LinearNode.cpp LinkedList.cpp test.cpp -o exe.out

Answer 2

g++ test.cpp LinearNode.cpp LinkedList.cpp -o test

Answer 3

我收到此错误是因为我的 cpp 文件未添加到 CMakeLists.txt 文件中

Answer 4

获得此错误的另一种方法是意外地在匿名命名空间中编写某些内容的定义：

foo.h：

namespace foo {
    void bar();
}

foo.cc：

namespace foo {
    namespace {  // wrong
        void bar() { cout << "hello"; };
    }
}

其他.cc文件：

#include "foo.h"

void baz() {
    foo::bar();
}

Answer 5

您的LinkedList.h一个错字，你写removie，而不是删除在你的CPP文件。 应该

int remove (int element);

代替

int removie (int element);

Answer 6

当我忘记将我创建的新 .h/.c 文件添加到介子配方时遇到了这个问题，所以这只是一个友好的提醒。

Answer 7

尝试删除构造函数和析构函数，它对我有用....