[英]excel vba - query on a spreadsheet
如果我有这两张表:
是否有某种 excel vba 代码(使用 ADO)可以实现这些所需的结果,这些结果可以利用我放在 SQL 表中的任何查询?
下面是一些 VBA 代码,它允许您使用文本 SQL 驱动程序读取 Excel 范围。 这是一个相当复杂的例子,但我猜你来到这里是因为你是一个相当高级的用户,比我们在其他网站上看到的例子更复杂。
在我完整发布代码之前,这里是核心函数FetchXLRecordSet 中的原始“示例用法”注释:
' Sample usage:
'
' Set rst = FetchXLRecordSet(SQL, "TableAccountLookup", "TableCashMap")
'
' Where the query uses two named ranges, "TableAccountLookup" and "TableCashMap"
' as shown in this SQL statement:
'
' SELECT
' B.Legal_Entity_Name, B.Status,
' SUM(A.USD_Settled) As Settled_Cash
' FROM
' [TableAccountLookup] AS A,
' [TableCashMap] AS B
' WHERE
' A.Account IS NOT NULL
' AND B.Cash_Account IS NOT NULL
' AND A.Account = B.Cash_Account
' GROUP BY
' B.Legal_Entity_Name,
' B.Status
它很笨重,在运行查询时强制您命名表(或完整列出范围地址),但它简化了代码。
Option Explicit
Option Private Module
' ADODB data retrieval functions to support Excel
' Online reference for connection strings:
' http://www.connectionstrings.com/oracle#p15
' Online reference for ADO objects & properties:
' http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms678086(v=VS.85).aspx
' External dependencies:
' Scripting - C:\Program files\scrrun.dll
' ADO - C:\Program files\Common\system\ado\msado27.tlb
Private m_strTempFolder As String
Private m_strConXL As String
Private m_objConnXL As ADODB.Connection
Public Property Get XLConnection() As ADODB.Connection
On Error GoTo ErrSub
' The Excel database drivers have memory problems so we use the text driver
' to read csv files in a temporary folder. We populate these files from
' ranges specified for use as tables by the FetchXLRecordSet() function.
Dim objFSO As Scripting.FileSystemObject
Set objFSO = New Scripting.FileSystemObject
Set m_objConnXL = New ADODB.Connection
' Specify and clear a temporary folder:
m_strTempFolder = objFSO.GetSpecialFolder(2).ShortPath
If Right(m_strTempFolder, 1) <> "\" Then
m_strTempFolder = m_strTempFolder & "\"
End If
m_strTempFolder = m_strTempFolder & "XLSQL"
Application.DisplayAlerts = False
If objFSO.FolderExists(m_strTempFolder) Then
objFSO.DeleteFolder m_strTempFolder
End If
If Not objFSO.FolderExists(m_strTempFolder) Then
objFSO.CreateFolder m_strTempFolder
End If
If Right(m_strTempFolder, 1) <> "\" Then
m_strTempFolder = m_strTempFolder & "\"
End If
' JET OLEDB text driver connection string:
' Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=c:\txtFilesFolder\;Extended Properties="text;HDR=Yes;FMT=Delimited";
' ODBC text driver connection string:
' Driver={Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt; *.csv)};Dbq=c:\txtFilesFolder\;Extensions=asc,csv,tab,txt;
m_strConXL = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & m_strTempFolder & ";"
m_strConXL = m_strConXL & "Extended Properties=" & Chr(34) & "text;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1" & Chr(34) & ";"
With m_objConnXL
.CursorLocation = adUseClient
.CommandTimeout = 90
.ConnectionString = m_strConXL
.Mode = adModeRead
End With
If m_objConnXL.State = adStateClosed Then
Application.StatusBar = "Connecting to the local Excel tables"
m_objConnXL.Open
End If
Set XLConnection = m_objConnXL
ExitSub:
Application.StatusBar = False
Exit Property
ErrSub:
MsgPopup "Error connecting to the Excel local data. Please contact Application Support.", vbCritical + vbApplicationModal, "Database connection failure!", 10
Resume ErrEnd
' Resume ExitSub
ErrEnd:
End ' Terminal error. Halt.
End Property
Public Sub CloseConnections()
On Error Resume Next
Set m_objConnXL = Nothing
End Sub
Public Function FetchXLRecordSet(ByVal SQL As String, ParamArray TableNames()) As ADODB.Recordset
' This allows you to retrieve data from Excel ranges using SQL. You
' need to pass additional parameters specifying each range you're using as a table
' so that the these ranges can be saved as csv files in the 'XLSQL' temporary folder
' Note that your query must use the 'table' naming conventions required by the Excel
' database drivers: http://www.connectionstrings.com/excel#20
On Error Resume Next
Dim i As Integer
Dim iFrom As Integer
Dim strRange As String
Dim j As Integer
Dim k As Integer
If IsEmpty(TableNames) Then
TableNames = Array("")
End If
If InStr(TypeName(TableNames), "(") < 1 Then
TableNames = Array(TableNames)
End If
Set FetchXLRecordSet = New ADODB.Recordset
With FetchXLRecordSet
.CacheSize = 8
Set .ActiveConnection = XLConnection
iFrom = InStr(8, SQL, "From", vbTextCompare) + 4
For i = LBound(TableNames) To UBound(TableNames)
strRange = ""
strRange = TableNames(i)
If strRange = "0" Or strRange = "" Then
j = InStr(SQL, "FROM") + 4
j = InStr(j, SQL, "[")
k = InStr(j, SQL, "]")
strRange = Mid(SQL, j + 1, k - j - 1)
End If
RangeToFile strRange
SQL = Left(SQL, iFrom) & Replace(SQL, strRange, strRange & ".csv", iFrom + 1, 1)
SQL = Replace(SQL, "$.csv", ".csv")
SQL = Replace(SQL, ".csv$", ".csv")
SQL = Replace(SQL, ".csv.csv", ".csv")
Next i
.Open SQL, , adOpenStatic, , adCmdText + adAsyncFetch
i = 0
Do While .State > 1
i = (i + 1) Mod 3
Application.StatusBar = "Connecting to the database" & String(i, ".")
Sleep 250
Loop
End With
Application.StatusBar = False
End Function
Public Function ReadRangeSQL(SQL_Range As Excel.Range) As String
' Read a range into a string.
' Each row is delimited with a carriage-return and a line break.
' Empty cells are concatenated into the string as 'Tabs' of four spaces.
'NH Feb 2018: you cannot return more than 32767 chars into a range.
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim arrCells As Variant
Dim arrRows() As String
Dim arrRowX() As String
Dim strRow As String
Dim boolIndent As Boolean
Const SPACE As String * 1 = " "
Const SPACE4 As String * 4 = " "
Const MAX_LEN As Long = 32767
arrCells = SQL_Range.Value2
If InStr(TypeName(arrCells), "(") Then
ReDim arrRows(LBound(arrCells, 1) To UBound(arrCells, 1))
ReDim arrRowX(LBound(arrCells, 2) To UBound(arrCells, 2))
For i = LBound(arrCells, 1) To UBound(arrCells, 1) - 1
boolIndent = True
For j = LBound(arrCells, 2) To UBound(arrCells, 2)
If isError(arrCells(i, j)) Then
SQL_Range(i, j).Calculate
End If
If Not isError(arrCells(i, j)) Then
arrRowX(j) = arrCells(i, j)
Else
arrRowX(j) = vbNullString
End If
If boolIndent And arrRowX(j) = "" Then
arrRowX(j) = SPACE4
Else
boolIndent = False
End If
Next j
arrRows(i) = Join(arrRowX, SPACE)
If Len(Trim$(arrRows(i))) = 0 Then
arrRows(i) = vbNullString
Else
arrRows(i) = RTrim$(Join(arrRowX, SPACE))
End If
Next i
Erase arrCells
Erase arrRowX
ReadRangeSQL = Join(arrRows, vbCrLf)
Erase arrRows
ReadRangeSQL = Replace(ReadRangeSQL, vbCrLf & vbCrLf, vbCrLf)
Else
ReadRangeSQL = CStr(arrCells)
End If
If Len(ReadRangeSQL) > MAX_LEN Then
' Trip terminating spaces from each row:
Do While InStr(1, ReadRangeSQL, SPACE & vbCrLf, vbBinaryCompare) > 0
ReadRangeSQL = Replace(ReadRangeSQL, SPACE & vbCrLf, vbCrLf)
Loop
End If
If Len(ReadRangeSQL) > MAX_LEN Then
' Reduce the 'tab' size to 2 selectively, after each row's indentation
arrRows = Split(ReadRangeSQL, vbCrLf)
For i = LBound(arrRows) To UBound(arrRows)
If Len(arrRows(i)) > 16 Then
If InStr(12, arrRows(i), SPACE4) > 0 Then
arrRows(i) = Left$(arrRows(i), 12) & Replace(Right$(arrRows(i), Len(arrRows(i)) - 12), SPACE4, SPACE & SPACE)
End If
End If
Next i
ReadRangeSQL = Join(arrRows, vbCrLf)
Erase arrRows
End If
If Len(ReadRangeSQL) > MAX_LEN Then
' Reduce the 'tab' size to 2 indiscriminately. This will make your SQL illegible:
Do While InStr(1, ReadRangeSQL, SPACE4, vbBinaryCompare) > 0
ReadRangeSQL = Replace(ReadRangeSQL, SPACE4, SPACE & SPACE)
Loop
End If
End Function
Public Sub RangeToFile(ByRef strRange As String)
' Output a range to a csv file in a temporary folder created by the XLConnection function
' strRange specifies a range in the current workbook using the 'table' naming conventions
' specified for Excel OLEDB database drivers: http://www.connectionstrings.com/excel#20
' The first row of the range is assumed to be a set of column names.
On Error Resume Next
Dim objFSO As Scripting.FileSystemObject
Dim rng As Excel.Range
Dim strFile As String
Dim arrData As Variant
Dim iRow As Long
Dim jCol As Long
Dim strData As String
Dim strLine As String
strRange = Replace(strRange, "[", "")
strRange = Replace(strRange, "]", "")
If Right(strRange, 1) = "$" Then
strRange = Replace(strRange, "$", "")
Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets(strRange).UsedRange
Else
strRange = Replace(strRange, "$", "")
Set rng = Range(strRange)
If rng Is Nothing Then
Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets(strRange).UsedRange
End If
End If
If rng Is Nothing Then
Exit Sub
End If
Set objFSO = New Scripting.FileSystemObject
strFile = m_strTempFolder & strRange & ".csv"
If objFSO.FileExists(strFile) Then
objFSO.DeleteFile strFile, True
End If
If objFSO.FileExists(strFile) Then
Exit Sub
End If
arrData = rng.Value2
With objFSO.OpenTextFile(strFile, ForWriting, True)
' Header row:
strLine = ""
strData = ""
iRow = LBound(arrData, 1)
For jCol = LBound(arrData, 2) To UBound(arrData, 2)
strData = arrData(iRow, jCol)
strData = Replace(strData, Chr(34), Chr(39))
strData = Replace(strData, Chr(10), " ")
strData = Replace(strData, Chr(13), " ")
strData = strData & ","
strLine = strLine & strData
Next jCol
strLine = Left(strLine, Len(strLine) - 1) ' Trim trailing comma
If Len(Replace(Replace(strLine, Chr(34), ""), ",", "")) > 0 Then
.WriteLine strLine
End If
' Rest of the data
For iRow = LBound(arrData, 1) + 1 To UBound(arrData, 1)
strLine = ""
strData = ""
For jCol = LBound(arrData, 2) To UBound(arrData, 2)
If IsError(arrData(iRow, jCol)) Then
strData = "#ERROR"
Else
strData = arrData(iRow, jCol)
strData = Replace(strData, Chr(34), Chr(39))
strData = Replace(strData, Chr(10), " ")
strData = Replace(strData, Chr(13), " ")
strData = Replace(strData, Chr(9), " ")
strData = Trim(strData)
End If
strData = Chr(34) & strData & Chr(34) & "," ' Quotes to coerce all values to text
strLine = strLine & strData
Next jCol
strLine = Left(strLine, Len(strLine) - 1) ' Trim trailing comma
If Len(Replace(Replace(strLine, Chr(34), ""), ",", "")) > 0 Then
.WriteLine strLine
End If
Next iRow
.Close
End With ' textstream object from objFSO.OpenTextFile
Set objFSO = Nothing
Erase arrData
Set rng = Nothing
End Sub
最后,将 Recordset 写入范围 - 如果不是您必须处理的所有错误,代码将是微不足道的:
Public Sub RecordsetToRange(rngTarget As Excel.Range, objRecordset As ADODB.Recordset, Optional FieldList As Variant, Optional ShowFieldNames As Boolean = False, Optional Orientation As Excel.XlRowCol = xlRows)
' Write an ADO Recordset to an Excel range in a single 'hit' to the sheet
' Calling function is responsible for setting the record pointer (must not be EOF!)
' The target range is resized automatically to the dimensions of the array, with the top left cell used as the start point.
On Error Resume Next
Dim OutputArray As Variant
Dim i As Integer
Dim iCol As Integer
Dim iRow As Integer
Dim varField As Variant
If objRecordset Is Nothing Then
Exit Sub
End If
If objRecordset.State <> 1 Then
Exit Sub
End If
If objRecordset.BOF And objRecordset.EOF Then
Exit Sub
End If
If Orientation = xlColumns Then
If IsEmpty(FieldList) Or IsMissing(FieldList) Then
OutputArray = objRecordset.GetRows
Else
OutputArray = objRecordset.GetRows(Fields:=FieldList)
End If
Else
If IsEmpty(FieldList) Or IsMissing(FieldList) Then
OutputArray = ArrayTranspose(objRecordset.GetRows)
Else
OutputArray = ArrayTranspose(objRecordset.GetRows(Fields:=FieldList))
End If
End If
ArrayToRange rngTarget, OutputArray
If ShowFieldNames Then
If Orientation = xlColumns Then
ReDim OutputArray(LBound(OutputArray, 1) To UBound(OutputArray, 1), 1 To 1)
iRow = LBound(OutputArray, 1)
If IsEmpty(FieldList) Or IsMissing(FieldList) Then
For i = 0 To objRecordset.Fields.Count - 1
If i > UBound(OutputArray, 1) Then
Exit For
End If
OutputArray(iRow + i, 1) = objRecordset.Fields(i).Name
Next i
Else
If InStr(TypeName(FieldList), "(") < 1 Then
FieldList = Array(FieldList)
End If
i = 0
For Each varField In FieldList
OutputArray(iRow + i, 1) = CStr(varField)
i = i = 1
Next
End If 'IsEmpty(FieldList) Or IsMissing(FieldList)
ArrayToRange rngTarget.Cells(1, 0), OutputArray
Else
ReDim OutputArray(1 To 1, LBound(OutputArray, 2) To UBound(OutputArray, 2))
iCol = LBound(OutputArray, 2)
If IsEmpty(FieldList) Or IsMissing(FieldList) Then
For i = 0 To objRecordset.Fields.Count - 1
If i > UBound(OutputArray, 2) Then
Exit For
End If
OutputArray(1, iCol + i) = objRecordset.Fields(i).Name
Next i
Else
If InStr(TypeName(FieldList), "(") < 1 Then
FieldList = Array(FieldList)
End If
i = 0
For Each varField In FieldList
OutputArray(1, iCol + i) = CStr(varField)
i = i = 1
Next
End If ' IsEmpty(FieldList) Or IsMissing(FieldList)
ArrayToRange rngTarget.Cells(0, 1), OutputArray
End If ' Orientation = xlColumns
End If 'ShowFieldNames
Erase OutputArray
End Sub
Public Function ArrayTranspose(InputArray As Variant) As Variant
' Transpose InputArray.
' Returns InputArray unchanged if it is not a 2-Dimensional Variant(x,y)
Dim iRow As Long
Dim iCol As Long
Dim iRowCount As Long
Dim iColCount As Long
Dim boolNoRows As Boolean
Dim BoolNoCols As Boolean
Dim OutputArray As Variant
If IsEmpty(InputArray) Then
ArrayTranspose = InputArray
Exit Function
End If
If InStr(1, TypeName(InputArray), "(") < 1 Then
ArrayTranspose = InputArray
Exit Function
End If
' Check that we can read the array's dimensions:
On Error Resume Next
Err.Clear
iRowCount = 0
iRowCount = UBound(InputArray, 1)
If Err.Number <> 0 Then
boolNoRows = True
End If
Err.Clear
Err.Clear
iColCount = 0
iColCount = UBound(InputArray, 2)
If Err.Number <> 0 Then
BoolNoCols = True
End If
Err.Clear
If boolNoRows Then
' ALL arrays have a defined Ubound(MyArray, 1)!
' This variant's dimensions cannot be determined
OutputArray = InputArray
ElseIf BoolNoCols Then
' It's a vector. Strictly speaking, a vector cannot be 'transposed', as
' calling the ordinal a 'row' or a 'column' is arbitrary or meaningless.
' But... By convention, Excel users regard a vector as an array of 1 to n
' rows and 1 column. So we'll 'transpose' it into a Variant(1 to 1, 1 to n)
ReDim OutputArray(1 To 1, LBound(InputArray, 1) To UBound(InputArray, 1))
For iRow = LBound(InputArray, 1) To UBound(InputArray, 1)
OutputArray(1, iRow) = InputArray(iRow)
Next iRow
Else
ReDim OutputArray(LBound(InputArray, 2) To UBound(InputArray, 2), LBound(InputArray, 1) To UBound(InputArray, 1))
If IsEmpty(OutputArray) Then
ArrayTranspose = InputArray
Exit Function
End If
If InStr(1, TypeName(OutputArray), "(") < 1 Then
ArrayTranspose = InputArray
Exit Function
End If
For iRow = LBound(InputArray, 1) To UBound(InputArray, 1)
For iCol = LBound(InputArray, 2) To UBound(InputArray, 2)
OutputArray(iCol, iRow) = InputArray(iRow, iCol)
Next iCol
Next iRow
End If
ExitFunction:
ArrayTranspose = OutputArray
Erase OutputArray
End Function
为了完整起见,这里是一个准系统“使用 SQL 读取 Excel 表对象”函数的代码,该函数在后台处理所有文本文件黑客攻击。
我现在发布它,在我最初的答案出现一段时间后,因为每个人都在 Excel 中使用丰富的“表格”对象来制作表格数据:
' Run a JOIN query on your tables, and write the field names and data to Sheet1:
SaveTable "Table1"
SaveTable "Table2"
SQL= SQL & "SELECT * "
SQL= SQL & " FROM Table1 "
SQL= SQL & " LEFT JOIN Table2 "
SQL= SQL & " ON Table1.Client = Table2.Client"
RunSQL SQL, Sheet1.Range("A1")
...完整清单(在之前的代码转储中给出或接受几个函数)是:
Public Function RunSQL(SQL As String, TargetRange As Excel.Range, Optional DataSetName As String)
' Run SQL against table files in the local ExcelSQL folder and write the results to a target range
' The full implementation of ExcelSQL provides a fully-featured UI on a control sheet
' This is a cut-down version which runs everything automatically, without audit & error-reporting
' SQL can be read from ranges using the ReadRangeSQL function
' If no target range object is passed in, and a Data set name is specified, the recordset will be
' saved as [DataSetName].csv in the local Excel SQL folder for subsequent SQL queries
' If no target range is specified and no Data set name specified, returns the recordet object
Dim rst As ADODB.Recordset
If Left(SQL, 4) = "SQL_" Then
SQL = ReadRangeSQL(ThisWorkbook.Names(SQL).RefersToRange)
End If
Set rst = FetchTextRecordset(SQL)
If TargetRange Is Nothing Then
If DataSetName = "" Then
Set RunSQL = rst
Else
RecordsetToCSV rst, DataSetName, , , , , , , False
Set rst = Nothing
End If
Else
RecordsetToRange rst, TargetRange, True
Set rst = Nothing
End If
End Function
Public Function FetchTextRecordset(SQL As String) As ADODB.Recordset
' Fetch records from the saved text files in the Temp SQL Folder:
On Error Resume Next
Dim i As Integer
Dim iFrom As Integer
If InStr(1, connText, "IMEX=1", vbTextCompare) > 0 Then SetSchema
Set FetchTextRecordset = New ADODB.Recordset
With FetchTextRecordset
.CacheSize = 8
Set .ActiveConnection = connText
On Error GoTo ERR_ADO
.Open SQL, , adOpenStatic, , adCmdText + adAsyncFetch
i = 0
Do While .State > 1
i = (i + 1) Mod 3
Application.StatusBar = "Waiting for data" & String(i, ".")
Application.Wait Now + (0.25 / 24 / 3600)
Loop
End With
Application.StatusBar = False
ExitSub:
Exit Function
ERR_ADO:
Dim strMsg
strMsg = vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "If this is a 'file' error, someone's got one of the source data files open: try again in a few minutes." & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Otherwise, please make a note of this error message and contact the developer, or " & SUPPORT & "."
If Verbose Then
MsgBox "Error &H" & Hex(Err.Number) & ": " & Err.Description & strMsg, vbCritical + vbMsgBoxHelpButton, "Data retrieval error:", Err.HelpFile, Err.HelpContext
End If
Resume ExitSub
Exit Function
' Try this if SQL is too big to debug in the immediate window:
' FSO.OpenTextFile("C:\Temp\SQL.txt",ForWriting,True).Write SQL
' Shell "Notepad.exe C:\Temp\SQL.txt", vbNormalFocus
'Resume
End Function
Private Property Get connText() As ADODB.Connection
On Error GoTo ErrSub
Dim strTempFolder
If m_objConnText Is Nothing Then
Set m_objConnText = New ADODB.Connection
strTempFolder = TempSQLFolder ' this will test whether the folder permits SQL READ operations
Application.DisplayAlerts = False
' MS-Access ACE OLEDB Provider
m_strConnText = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=" & Chr(34) & strTempFolder & Chr(34) & ";Persist Security Info=True;"
m_strConnText = m_strConnText & "Extended Properties=" & Chr(34) & "text;CharacterSet=UNICODE;HDR=Yes;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;MaxScanRows=1" & Chr(34) & ";"
End If
If Not m_objConnText Is Nothing Then
With m_objConnText
If .State = adStateClosed Then
Application.StatusBar = "Connecting to the local Excel tables"
.CursorLocation = adUseClient
.CommandTimeout = 90
.ConnectionString = m_strConnText
.Mode = adModeRead
.Open
End If
End With
If m_objConnText.State = adStateClosed Then
Set m_objConnText = Nothing
End If
End If
Set connText = m_objConnText
ExitSub:
Application.StatusBar = False
Exit Property
ErrSub:
MsgBox "Error connecting to the Excel local data. Please contact " & SUPPORT & ".", vbCritical + vbApplicationModal, "Database connection failure!", 10
Resume ErrEnd
' Resume ExitSub
ErrEnd:
End ' Terminal error. Halt.
End Property
Public Sub CloseConnections()
On Error Resume Next
Set m_objConnText = Nothing
End Sub
Public Function TempSQLFolder() As String
Application.Volatile False
' Location of temporary table files used by the SQL text data functions
' Also runs a background process to clear out files over 7 days old
' The best location is a named subfolder in the user's temp folder. The
' user local 'temp' folder is discoverable on all Windows systems using
' GetObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").GetSpecialFolder(2).ShortPath
' and will usually be C:\Users\[User Name]\AppData\Local\Temp
' Dependencies:
' Object Property FSO (Returns Scripting.FilesystemObject)
'
Dim strCMD As String
Dim strMsg As String
Dim strNamedFolder As String
Static strTempFolder As String ' Cache it
Dim iRetry As Integer
Dim i As Long
' If we've already found a usable temp folder, use the static value
' without querying the file system and testing write privileges again:
If strTempFolder <> "" Then
TempSQLFolder = strTempFolder
Exit Function
End If
On Error Resume Next
strTempFolder = GetObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").GetSpecialFolder(2).ShortPath
If Right(strTempFolder, 1) <> "\" Then
strTempFolder = strTempFolder & "\"
End If
strTempFolder = strTempFolder & "XLSQL"
If Not FSO.FolderExists(strTempFolder) Then
FSO.CreateFolder strTempFolder
End If
i = 1
Do Until FSO.FolderExists(strTempFolder) Or i > 6
Sleep i * 250
Application.StatusBar = "Waiting for SQL cache folder" & String(i Mod 4, ".")
Loop
If Not FSO.FolderExists(strTempFolder) Then
GoTo Retry
End If
If Right(strTempFolder, 1) <> "\" Then
strTempFolder = strTempFolder & "\"
End If
TempSQLFolder = strTempFolder
Application.StatusBar = False
End Function
Public Property Get FSO() As Scripting.FileSystemObject '
' Return a File System Object
On Error Resume Next
If m_objFSO Is Nothing Then
Set m_objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") ' New Scripting.FileSystemObject
End If
If m_objFSO Is Nothing Then
Shell "Regsvr32.exe /s scrrun.dll", vbHide
Set m_objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
End If
Set FSO = m_objFSO
End Property
Public Sub SaveTable(Optional TableName As String = "*")
' Export a Table object to the local SQL Folder as a csv file
' If no name is specified, all tables are exported asynchronously
' This step is essential for running SQL on the tables
Dim wks As Excel.Worksheet
Dim oList As Excel.ListObject
Dim sFile As String
Dim bAsync As Boolean
If TableName = "*" Then
bAsync = True
Else
bAsync = False
End If
For Each wks In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets
For Each oList In wks.ListObjects
If oList.Name Like TableName Then
sFile = oList.Name
ArrayToCSV oList.Range.Value2, sFile, , , , , , , , bAsync
'Debug.Print "[" & sFile & ".csv] "
End If
Next oList
Next wks
SetSchema
End Sub
Public Sub RemoveTable(Optional TableName As String = "*")
On Error Resume Next
' Clear up the temporary 'Table' files in the user local temp folder:
Dim wks As Excel.Worksheet
Dim oList As Excel.ListObject
Dim sFile As String
Dim sFolder As String
sFolder = TempSQLFolder
For Each wks In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets
For Each oList In wks.ListObjects
If oList.Name Like TableName Then
sFile = oList.Name & ".csv"
If Len(Dir(sFile)) > 0 Then
Shell "CMD /c DEL " & Chr(34) & sFolder & sFile & Chr(34), vbHide ' asynchronous deletion
End If
End If
Next oList
Next wks
End Sub
分享和享受:这都是一个可怕的黑客,但它为您提供了一个稳定的 SQL 平台。
而且我们仍然没有用于 Excel 上 SQL 的稳定“本机”平台:Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.14.0 Excel 数据提供程序仍然存在与 Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 和之前的 Excel ODBC 驱动程序相同的内存泄漏它,二十年前。
我正在使用非常简单的代码来帮助我查询工作表范围:
Sub hello_jet()
Dim rs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim cn As ADODB.Connection
Dim strQuery As String
Set cn = New ADODB.Connection
With cn
.Provider = "Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0"
.ConnectionString = "Data Source=C:\yourPath\ADO_test.xls " & _
";Extended Properties=""Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;"""
.Open
End With
'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0 for database engine built in Windows 7 64
strQuery = "SELECT a,sum(c) FROM [Sheet1$A1:C6] GROUP BY a;"
''if range [Sheet1$A1:C6] is named as namedRange you can you its name directly in query:
'strQuery = "SELECT a,sum(c) FROM namedRange GROUP BY a;"
Set rs = cn.Execute(strQuery)
ActiveCell.CopyFromRecordset rs 'useful method
rs.Close
End Sub
一些注意事项:
sFullName = ActiveWorkbook.FullName
sSheet = ActiveSheet.Name
Set cn = CreateObject("adodb.connection")
scn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" _
& sFullName _
& ";Extended Properties=""Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1"";"
cn.Open scn
Set rs = CreateObject("adodb.recordset")
For Each c In Sheet4.UsedRange
sSQL = sSQL & c.Value & " "
Next
rs.Open sSQL, cn
Sheet5.Range("a10").CopyFromRecordset rs
有一个用于 Excel 的 ODBC 驱动程序。
请参阅: http : //support.microsoft.com/kb/178717
并且: http : //msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms711711%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
为了从数据库中获取数据并导入 Excel,您需要执行以下步骤。
录制宏
导入外部数据,选择新来源,选择 DSN ODBC 作为来源类型。
现在选择 Excel 文件作为 ODBC 源的类型。
选择要查询的 Excel 工作表。
每个table
需要在命名范围内, select a table
的选项,Excel 还不允许我们插入查询。
按照向导操作并保存 .odc 文件。 再次打开它并选择编辑查询。 现在您可以插入您的选择语句。
停止录制并编辑录制的宏以满足您的需要。
看起来源和目标是 odbc 查询。 您需要从这些查询中解析表名,并用正确的表名替换查询中的 SoureTable 和 TargetTable。
Sub ExecuteSQL()
Dim sSql As String
Dim rCell As Range
Dim adConn As ADODB.Connection
Dim adRs As ADODB.Recordset
Dim lWherePos As Long
Const sSOURCE As String = "SourceTable"
Const sTARGET As String = "TargetTable"
Const sODBC As String = "ODBC;"
'Buld the sql statement
For Each rCell In Intersect(wshSql.UsedRange, wshSql.Columns(1)).Cells
If Not IsEmpty(rCell.Value) Then
sSql = sSql & rCell.Value & Space(1)
End If
Next rCell
'replace the table names
sSql = Replace(sSql, sSOURCE, GetTableName(wshSource.QueryTables(1).CommandText), 1, 1)
sSql = Replace(sSql, sTARGET, GetTableName(wshTarget.QueryTables(1).CommandText), 1, 1)
'execute the query
Set adConn = New ADODB.Connection
adConn.Open Replace(wshSource.QueryTables(1).Connection, sODBC, "")
Set adRs = adConn.Execute(sSql)
'copy the results
wshResults.Range("A1").CopyFromRecordset adRs
adRs.Close
adConn.Close
Set adRs = Nothing
Set adConn = Nothing
End Sub
Function GetTableName(sSql As String) As String
Dim lFromStart As Long
Dim lFromEnd As Long
Dim sReturn As String
Const sFROM As String = "FROM "
Const sWHERE As String = "WHERE "
'find where FROM starts and ends
'I'm looking for WHERE as the end, but you'll need to look for everything possible, like ORDER BY etc.
lFromStart = InStr(1, sSql, sFROM)
lFromEnd = InStr(lFromStart, sSql, sWHERE)
If lFromEnd = 0 Then
sReturn = Mid$(sSql, lFromStart + Len(sFROM), Len(sSql))
Else
sReturn = Mid$(sSql, lFromStart + Len(sFROM), lFromEnd - lFromStart - Len(sFROM) - 1)
End If
GetTableName = sReturn
End Function
您可能遇到的另一个问题是 Excel(或 MSQuery)在外部数据查询中构造 SQL 语句的方式。 如果您将其保留为默认值,您可能会得到这样的结果
SELECT * FROM `C:\somepath\myfile.mdb`.tblTable1 tblTable1 WHERE ...
我不知道为什么它会那样做,但你可以把它改成
SELECT * FROM tblTable1 WHERE ...
上面的代码应该可以工作。 解析 SQL 语句很糟糕,所以不要指望这很容易。 一旦你认为你拥有所有的可能性,另一个就会出现。
最后,您应该收到错误“参数太少,预期为 1”或类似的错误。 在 SourceTable 中,第一个字段是 emp_no,但您的 SQL 中有 emp_id。 确保 SQL 表中的 SQL 正确。 试图追踪这些错误可能会令人沮丧。
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