奇怪的Oracle SQL“无效标识符”错误

Question

任何人都可以帮我弄清楚为什么我在cms.CRIME_ID上cms.CRIME_ID ：

不合法的识别符

select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.CRIME_ID, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id
join crime_charges cc using (crime_id)
order by c.first, c.last;

我知道列存在的绝对事实，我可以引用该表中的每个其他列，除此之外。

该列唯一不同的是它是该表的主键。

编辑：这是完整的错误和表创建脚本。

Error starting at line 1 in command:
select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.CRIME_ID, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id
join crime_charges cc using (crime_id)
order by c.first, c.last
Error at Command Line:1 Column:39
Error report:
SQL Error: ORA-00904: "CMS"."CRIME_ID": invalid identifier
00904. 00000 -  "%s: invalid identifier"
*Cause:    
*Action:

---

 CREATE TABLE crimes
      (crime_id NUMBER(9),
       criminal_id NUMBER(6),
       classification CHAR(1),
       date_charged DATE,
       status CHAR(2),
       hearing_date DATE,
       appeal_cut_date DATE);

ALTER TABLE crimes
  MODIFY (classification DEFAULT 'U');
ALTER TABLE crimes
  ADD (date_recorded DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE);
ALTER TABLE crimes
  MODIFY (criminal_id NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE crimes
  ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (crime_id);
ALTER TABLE crimes
  ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_class_ck CHECK (classification IN('F','M','O','U'));
ALTER TABLE crimes
  ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_status_ck CHECK (status IN('CL','CA','IA'));
ALTER TABLE crimes
  ADD CONSTRAINT crimes_criminalid_fk FOREIGN KEY (criminal_id)
             REFERENCES criminals(criminal_id);
ALTER TABLE crimes
  MODIFY (criminal_id NOT NULL);

---

EDIT2：另外，我应该提一下，当不使用连接和常规select语句时，我可以正常访问该列，如下面的代码示例所示：

select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.crime_id, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount
from criminals c, crime_charges cc, crimes cms
where c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id
and cms.crime_id = cc.crime_id
order by c.first, c.last;

Answer 1

这里的问题是，当您的查询具有USING子句时，您不能将限定符添加到此子句中使用的列。 因为您的查询具有USING (crime_id),您不能编写cms.CRIME_ID或cc.crime_id 。 相反，您必须删除限定符，即只使用crime_id 。

奇怪的是，当我在Oracle 11g XE beta上尝试这个时，我得到了一个不同的错误：

SQL> select * from test1;

         A          B
---------- ----------
         1          2

SQL> select * from test2;

         A          C
---------- ----------
         1          3

SQL> select t1.a, t1.b, t2.c from test1 t1 inner join test2 t2 using (a);
select t1.a, t1.b, t2.c from test1 t1 inner join test2 t2 using (a)
       *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-25154: column part of USING clause cannot have qualifier


SQL> select a, t1.b, t2.c from test1 t1 inner join test2 t2 using (a);

         A          B          C
---------- ---------- ----------
         1          2          3

Answer 2

你不能使用限定符与“using”子句引用的列。你可以使用内部连接而不是尝试使用此查询：

select c.criminal_id, c.first, c.last, cms.CRIME_ID, cc.crime_code, cc.fine_amount
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id
join crime_charges cc on cc.crime_id=cms.crime_id
order by c.first, c.last;

Answer 3

你试过以下吗？

Join On (Left Id) = (Right Id)

而不是关键字Using

Answer 4

尝试为join语句子句创建别名：

select alias.criminal_id, alias.first, alias.last, alias.CRIME_ID, alias.crime_code, alias.fine_amount
from criminals c join crimes cms on c.criminal_id = cms.criminal_id
join crime_charges cc using (crime_id) as alias
order by alias.first, alias.last;