如何在vba excel中用多个分隔符分割字符串？

Question

我想使用 Excel VBA 拆分带有多个分隔符的字符串。 其中一个字符串是：

d1-d2 d3 d4  

我们有一个破折号和一个空格作为两个分隔符。 我尝试了split功能，但它只使用一个分隔符。

Answer 1

您可以先对字符串进行Replace ，然后再进行拆分：

newString = Replace(origString, "-", " ")
newArray = Split(newString, " ")

Answer 2

前面的答案很好，但是如果字符串中有要拆分的背靠背字符，则会给您带来麻烦，例如拆分“您好，先生！今天好吗？” 所有标点符号和空格。 在这种情况下，您将在 Hello 和 Sir 之间得到一个空白字符串。

为了处理这种情况，Chip Pearson 提供了一个很棒的 VBA 函数供使用： http : //www.cpearson.com/excel/splitondelimiters.aspx

Answer 3

用几个不同的分隔符分割； 列出数组中的分隔符，用 for 循环替换它们，然后拆分：

' New delimiter
tDelimNew = "myDelimiter"

' Replace each possible delimiter
For Each tDelimOld In Array(";", " ", ".", "<==", ":", vbCr)
    tString = Replace(tString, tDelimOld, tDelimNew)
Next tDelimOld

' Remove duplicate delimiters
tString = Replace(tString, tDelimNew & tDelimNew, tDelimNew)

' Split ;)
tResult = Split(tString , tDelimNew)

Answer 4

不允许评论（还），但使用 TRIM 消除双空格的建议尚不完全清楚。 VBA 中的 TRIM 函数只删除前导和尾随空格。 它不会触及字符串内的双空格。 为此，您必须使用工作表功能。

Answer 5

我要补充一点，我快速浏览了 Chip Pearson 的答案，并认为它可以在性能方面有所改进，所以我写了自己的答案，它似乎快了 40%（随意测试自己）。 它更快（每个周期1.0E-5与1.7E-5秒），因为它使用字节数组而不是实际字符来比较值。 这是返回类似于 Chip Pearson 的字符串数组的函数：

Function SplitMultiDelims2(Text As String, DelimChars As String) As String()
    '''
    'Function to split a string at multiple charachters
    'Use like SplitMultiDelims2("This:is-a,test string", ":-,")
    'Returns an array, in that example SplitMultiDelims2("This:is-a,test string", ":-,")(4) would be "test string"
    '''
    Dim bytes() As Byte
    Dim delims() As Byte
    Dim i As Long, aub As Long, ub As Long
    Dim stack As String
    Dim t() As String
    Dim tLen As Long
    tLen = Len(Text)
    If tLen = 0 Then
        Exit Function
    End If
    ReDim t(1 To tLen)                           'oversize array to avoid Redim Preserve too often
    bytes = StrConv(Text, vbFromUnicode)
    delims = StrConv(DelimChars, vbFromUnicode)
    ub = UBound(bytes)
    For i = 0 To ub
        If Contains(delims, bytes(i)) Then
            aub = aub + 1
            t(aub) = stack
            stack = ""
        Else
            stack = stack & Chr(bytes(i))
        End If
    Next i
    t(aub + 1) = stack
    ReDim Preserve t(1 To aub + 1)               'Works marginally faster if you delete this line,
    'however it returns an oversized array (which is a problem if you use UBOUND of the result,
    'but fine if you are just looking up an indexed value like the 5th string)
    SplitMultiDelims2 = t
End Function

'and a 2nd function called by the first one
Function Contains(arr, v As Byte) As Boolean     'checks if Byte v is contained in Byte array arr
    Dim rv As Boolean, lb As Long, ub As Long, i As Long
    lb = LBound(arr)
    ub = UBound(arr)
    For i = lb To ub
        If arr(i) = v Then
            rv = True
            Exit For
        End If
    Next i
    Contains = rv
End Function

这是测试日志（他是 SplitMultiDelims，我的是 SplitMultiDelims2）

> SplitMultiDelims: 1.76105267188204E-05s per cycle 'this is the important figure
> i = 568064 iterations in 10.00390625 seconds
>Test completed: 08/06/2017 10:23:22
> SplitMultiDelims2: 1.05756701906142E-05s per cycle
>i = 947044 iterations in 10.015625 seconds
>Test completed: 08/06/2017 10:23:32
> SplitMultiDelims2: 1.04176859354441E-05s per cycle
>i = 960656 iterations in 10.0078125 seconds
>Test completed: 08/06/2017 10:23:54
> SplitMultiDelims: 1.76228941673255E-05s per cycle
>i = 567887 iterations in 10.0078125 seconds
>Test completed: 08/06/2017 10:24:04

双向运行以避免内存写入障碍

下面的测试代码使用Timer因此不会过于精确，但足以证明差异

Sub testSplit()
    Dim t As Double, dt As Double
    Dim s As String
    Dim i As Long
    t = Timer: i = 0: dt = 0: s = ""
    Do Until dt > 10                             'loop for 10 seconds
        s = SplitMultiDelims("This:is-a,test string", ":-,")(1)
        dt = Timer - t
        i = i + 1
    Loop
    Debug.Print "SplitMultiDelims: " & dt / i & "s per cycle" & vbCrLf & "i = " & i; " iterations in " & dt; " seconds" & vbCrLf & "Test completed: " & Now
    t = Timer: i = 0: dt = 0: s = ""
    Do Until dt > 10                             'loop for 10 seconds
        s = SplitMultiDelims2("This:is-a,test string", ":-,")(1)
        dt = Timer - t
        i = i + 1
    Loop
    Debug.Print "SplitMultiDelims2: " & dt / i & "s per cycle" & vbCrLf & "i = " & i; " iterations in " & dt; " seconds" & vbCrLf & "Test completed: " & Now
End Sub

Answer 6

在这种情况下你可以做

    newString = Replace(origString, "-", " ")
    newString2 = replace(newstring, "  " , " ")
    newArray = SPlit(newString, " ")