JavaScript-使canvas成为全局变量

Question

现在，我正在弄乱HTML5，并使用JavaScript制作简单的2D Tile地图。 一切顺利，但是我意识到我无法将所有功能都放在一个巨大的功能中。

我正在尝试使canvas和context变量具有全局性，就像其他函数可以访问的那样。 现在，它仅在“加载时”可用...我如何单独制作它？ 当我将canvas和context创建变量时，出现错误Uncaught TypeError: Cannot call method 'getContext' of null

这是我的SSCCE：

// HTML5 JS Tile Example

// Set return 2D array of map
function loadMap(map) {
    if (map == 1) {
        return [
        [67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 190, 190, 67, 1, 1, 1, 1], [67, 393, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 190, 190, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 343, 343, 393, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 1, 1, 439, 1, 1, 1, 343, 13, 13, 13, 43, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 166, 166, 166, 166, 166, 1, 343, 13, 343, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 166, 166, 166, 166, 166, 1, 343, 13, 343, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 166, 166, 166, 166, 166, 1, 343, 13, 343, 448, 1, 319, 1, 1], [67, 1, 25, 1, 166, 321, 25, 1, 343, 13, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 67], [67, 424, 424, 424, 13, 424, 424, 424, 343, 13, 343, 343, 343, 394, 343, 67], [370, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 67, 67, 343, 343, 343, 67], [67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 370, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67]];
    }
}

// On load...
window.onload = function () {
    var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
    var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
    var imageObj = new Image();
    var tiles = [];
    var board = loadMap(1);

    canvas.width = 512;
    canvas.height = 352;

    // 2. SET UP THE MAP TILES
    for (x = 0; x <= 520; x++) {
        imageObj = new Image(); // new instance for each image
        imageObj.src = "line_tile/t" + x + ".png";
        tiles.push(imageObj);
    }
    var theX;
    var theY;
    // 3. DRAW MAP BY ROWS AND COLS
    for (x = 0; x <= 10; x++) {
        for (y = 0; y <= 15; y++) {

            theX = x * 32;
            theY = y * 32;
            context.drawImage(tiles[board[x][y]], theY, theX, 32, 32);
        }
    }
};

在线示例： http : //mystikrpg.com/html5/

Answer 1

只需删除var声明并在外部声明变量：

// HTML5 JS Tile Example

// Set return 2D array of map
function loadMap(map) {
    if (map == 1) {
        return [
        [67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 190, 190, 67, 1, 1, 1, 1], [67, 393, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 190, 190, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 343, 343, 393, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 1, 1, 439, 1, 1, 1, 343, 13, 13, 13, 43, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 166, 166, 166, 166, 166, 1, 343, 13, 343, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 166, 166, 166, 166, 166, 1, 343, 13, 343, 448, 1, 166, 166, 1], [67, 1, 166, 166, 166, 166, 166, 1, 343, 13, 343, 448, 1, 319, 1, 1], [67, 1, 25, 1, 166, 321, 25, 1, 343, 13, 343, 343, 343, 343, 343, 67], [67, 424, 424, 424, 13, 424, 424, 424, 343, 13, 343, 343, 343, 394, 343, 67], [370, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 67, 67, 343, 343, 343, 67], [67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 370, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67]];
    }
}

// On load...

var canvas;
var context;

window.onload = function () {
    canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
    context = canvas.getContext("2d");
    var imageObj = new Image();
    var tiles = [];
    var board = loadMap(1);

    canvas.width = 512;
    canvas.height = 352;

    // 2. SET UP THE MAP TILES
    for (x = 0; x <= 520; x++) {
        imageObj = new Image(); // new instance for each image
        imageObj.src = "line_tile/t" + x + ".png";
        tiles.push(imageObj);
    }
    var theX;
    var theY;
    // 3. DRAW MAP BY ROWS AND COLS
    for (x = 0; x <= 10; x++) {
        for (y = 0; y <= 15; y++) {

            theX = x * 32;
            theY = y * 32;
            context.drawImage(tiles[board[x][y]], theY, theX, 32, 32);
        }
    }
};

这将在全局范围内创建变量。