如何在春天使用@Scheduled（cron）和SpEL？

Question

我有一个方法，我想要春天安排 - 为此我使用@Scheduled注释 - 更确切地说，我使用的是cron表达式。 我的cron表达式位于名为scheduler.properties的属性文件中。 当我用它作为占位符@Scheduled(cron="${cron}") - 一切都很好; 但我想使用SpEL（ @Scheduled(cron="#{scheduler['cron']}") ），它不起作用 - 抛出以下异常： java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: cron expression must consist of 6 fields (found 1 in #{scheduler['cron']})

我在这做错了什么？

编辑：这是我的属性文件中的cron表达式： cron=0 0/1 * * * ?

这是我得到的堆栈跟踪： java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: cron expression must consist of 6 fields (found 1 in #{scheduler['cron']}) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator.parse(CronSequenceGenerator.java:233) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator.<init>(CronSequenceGenerator.java:81) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger.<init>(CronTrigger.java:54) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger.<init>(CronTrigger.java:44) at org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar.afterPropertiesSet(ScheduledTaskRegistrar.java:188) at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:209) at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:1) at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:97) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:324) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:929) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:467) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:384) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: cron expression must consist of 6 fields (found 1 in #{scheduler['cron']}) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator.parse(CronSequenceGenerator.java:233) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronSequenceGenerator.<init>(CronSequenceGenerator.java:81) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger.<init>(CronTrigger.java:54) at org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger.<init>(CronTrigger.java:44) at org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar.afterPropertiesSet(ScheduledTaskRegistrar.java:188) at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:209) at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:1) at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:97) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:324) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:929) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:467) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:384) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)

第二个编辑：看起来Spring试图解析下面的字符串，因为cron experssion“＃{scheduler ['cron']}”暗示了实际的cron表达式本身。

Answer 1

根据错误消息，属性文件中的cron表达式的值不正确。

它不符合预期的语法。

该值应包含六个字段，看起来像这样。

* 10 * * * *

这是抛出此异常的代码

/**
 * Parse the given pattern expression.
 */
private void parse(String expression) throws IllegalArgumentException {
    String[] fields = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(expression, " ");
    if (fields.length != 6) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(""
                + "cron expression must consist of 6 fields (found %d in %s)", fields.length, expression));
    }

可能无法在Annotation中使用spEL外部化cron配置。

替代方案是使用XML或使用cron表达式。

http://forum.springsource.org/showthread.php?91203-Scheduled-and-externalization-of-configuration-for-fixedDelay-and-fixedRate-problem

Answer 2

始终在属性文件中指定如下：注意频率之间的空格。

每天早上9点运行刷新工作

job.cron.rate = 0 0 9 * * *

示例模式：

* "0 0 * * * *" = the top of every hour of every day.
* "*/10 * * * * *" = every ten seconds.
* "0 0 8-10 * * *" = 8, 9 and 10 o'clock of every day.
* "0 0/30 8-10 * * *" = 8:00, 8:30, 9:00, 9:30 and 10 o'clock every day.
* "0 0 9-17 * * MON-FRI" = on the hour nine-to-five weekdays
* "0 0 0 25 12 ?" = every Christmas Day at midnight

在代码中使用它：

@Scheduled(cron = "${job.cron.rate}")    
public void perform() throws InterruptedException {
}

Answer 3

我有一个类似的问题，并通过使用context：property-placeholder读取属性文件来解决它

<util:properties id="applicationProps" location="/WEB-INF/classes/properties/application.properties" /> **<context:property-placeholder properties-ref="applicationProps" />**

希望它可以帮助别人!!

Answer 4

有用。 我花了几天时间搞清楚......但这确实有效。

1. 您应该像为JAVA_HOME等那样设置环境变量。
2. 关闭IDE。

---

export cron_scheduler_expression="0 19 21 * * *"

然后重新启动IDE，Eclipse或NetBeans，无论您使用什么。

@Scheduled(cron = "${cron_scheduler_expression}")
public void runSchedulerTask(){

}