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[英]How do I set default collation for all tables that are created in a database?
[英]How to convert all tables in database to one collation?
我收到错误:
操作 '=' 的排序规则 (utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT) 和 (utf8_unicode_ci,IMPLICIT) 的非法混合
我尝试将两个表手动更改为utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT
但我仍然遇到错误。
有没有办法将所有表转换为utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT
并完成它?
您需要为每个表执行alter table语句。 该声明将遵循以下形式:
ALTER TABLE tbl_name
[[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name]
[COLLATE collation_name]
现在要获取数据库中的所有表,您需要执行以下查询:
SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="YourDataBaseName"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";
所以现在让MySQL为你编写代码:
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," COLLATE your_collation_name_here;") AS ExecuteTheString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="YourDatabaseName"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE";
您可以复制结果并执行它们。 我没有测试语法,但你应该能够弄清楚其余部分。 把它想象成一个小练习。
希望有所帮助!
更好的选项也可以更改表中varchar列的排序规则
SELECT CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `', TABLE_NAME,'` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;') AS mySQL
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA= "myschema"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"
另外,如果你在启动束脚本之前在非utf8列上有forein键的数据
SET foreign_key_checks = 0;
这意味着全局SQL将用于mySQL:
SET foreign_key_checks = 0;
ALTER TABLE `table1` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
ALTER TABLE `table2` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
ALTER TABLE `tableXXX` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
SET foreign_key_checks = 1;
但是如果根据mysql文档http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/charset-column.html ,请注意,
如果使用ALTER TABLE将列从一个字符集转换为另一个字符集,则MySQL会尝试映射数据值,但如果字符集不兼容,则可能会丢失数据。 “
编辑:特别是列类型枚举,它只是崩溃completly枚举集(即使没有特殊的字符) https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=26731
@ Namphibian的建议帮了我很多...
更进一步,并添加了列和视图到脚本
只需在下面输入您的架构名称,它将完成剩下的工作
-- set your table name here
SET @MY_SCHEMA = "";
-- tables
SELECT DISTINCT
CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;") as queries
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA=@MY_SCHEMA
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"
UNION
-- table columns
SELECT DISTINCT
CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", C.TABLE_NAME, " CHANGE ", C.COLUMN_NAME, " ", C.COLUMN_NAME, " ", C.COLUMN_TYPE, " CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;") as queries
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS as C
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES as T
ON C.TABLE_NAME = T.TABLE_NAME
WHERE C.COLLATION_NAME is not null
AND C.TABLE_SCHEMA=@MY_SCHEMA
AND T.TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"
UNION
-- views
SELECT DISTINCT
CONCAT("CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ", V.TABLE_NAME, " AS ", V.VIEW_DEFINITION, ";") as queries
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS as V
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES as T
ON V.TABLE_NAME = T.TABLE_NAME
WHERE V.TABLE_SCHEMA=@MY_SCHEMA
AND T.TABLE_TYPE="VIEW";
以下是更准确的查询。 我举例说明如何将其转换为utf8
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE `", TABLE_NAME,"` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;") AS mySQL
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="myschema"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"
如果您使用的是 PhpMyAdmin,您现在可以:
我有超过 250 个表要转换。 花了5分钟多一点。
您可以使用此BASH脚本:
#!/bin/bash
USER="YOUR_DATABASE_USER"
PASSWORD="YOUR_USER_PASSWORD"
DB_NAME="DATABASE_NAME"
CHARACTER_SET="utf8" # your default character set
COLLATE="utf8_general_ci" # your default collation
tables=`mysql -u $USER -p$PASSWORD -e "SELECT tbl.TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.TABLES tbl WHERE tbl.TABLE_SCHEMA = '$DB_NAME' AND tbl.TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'"`
for tableName in $tables; do
if [[ "$tableName" != "TABLE_NAME" ]] ; then
mysql -u $USER -p$PASSWORD -e "ALTER TABLE $DB_NAME.$tableName DEFAULT CHARACTER SET $CHARACTER_SET COLLATE $COLLATE;"
echo "$tableName - done"
fi
done
对于 phpMyAdmin,我想通了:
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;" SEPARATOR ' ') AS OneSQLString
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="yourtableschemaname"
AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"
只需更改您的表架构名称就可以了。
如果你想要一个复制粘贴bash脚本:
var=$(mysql -e 'SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_czech_ci;") AS execTabs FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA="zabbix" AND TABLE_TYPE="BASE TABLE"' -uroot -p )
var+='ALTER DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'
echo $var | cut -d " " -f2- | mysql -uroot -p zabbix
将zabbix更改为您的数据库名称。
这是我的bash脚本版本。 它将数据库名称作为参数,并将所有表转换为另一个字符集和排序规则(由另一个参数或脚本中定义的默认值给出)。
#!/bin/bash
# mycollate.sh <database> [<charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables
DB="$1"
CHARSET="$2"
COLL="$3"
[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_general_ci"
echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql
echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql -s | (
while read TABLE; do
echo $DB.$TABLE
echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql $DB
done
)
通过添加密码变量,将@Petr Stastny的答案更进一步。 我更喜欢它实际上是像普通密码而不是作为参数一样,但它适用于我需要的东西。
#!/bin/bash
# mycollate.sh <database> <password> [<charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables
DB="$1"
PW="$2"
CHARSET="$3"
COLL="$4"
[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$PW" ]
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_bin"
PW="--password=""$PW"
echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql -u root "$PW"
echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql -s "$PW" | (
while read TABLE; do
echo $DB.$TABLE
echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql "$PW" $DB
done
)
PW="pleaseEmptyMeNow"
从GH开始,我添加了用户和主机参数,你需要在远程服务器上执行此操作
#!/bin/bash
# mycollate.sh <database> <user> <password> [<host> <charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables
DB="$1"
USER="$2"
PW="$3"
HOST="$4"
CHARSET="$5"
COLL="$6"
[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$USER" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$PW" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$HOST" ] || HOST="localhost"
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_general_ci"
PW="--password=""$PW"
HOST="--host=""$HOST"
USER="--user=""$USER"
echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql "$HOST" "$USER" "$PW"
echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql "$HOST" "$USER" "$PW" | (
while read TABLE; do
echo $DB.$TABLE
echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql "$HOST" "$USER" "$PW" $DB
done
)
PW="pleaseEmptyMeNow"
我将使用 MySQL 程序分享我的答案。 您需要运行 3 条 sql 命令。
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS UpdateTable;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateTable()
BEGIN
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE _table_name CHAR(255);
DECLARE cur CURSOR FOR
SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema = 'my_db_name' AND table_type = "BASE TABLE";
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
OPEN cur;
My_loop: LOOP
FETCH cur INTO _table_name;
SET @my_table_name = _table_name;
IF done THEN
LEAVE My_loop;
END IF;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
SET @stmt = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ', @my_table_name, ' CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;');
PREPARE stmt1 FROM @stmt;
EXECUTE stmt1;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt1;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
CALL UpdateTable();
然后再次运行第一个。 如果你不想存储程序。
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