[英]Getting all available information about connected USB devices in windows and NET
[英]Finding information about all serial devices connected through USB in C#
我的项目需要在连接到 USB 时检测特定设备。 我能识别这个设备的唯一方法是通过它的描述/设备名称,而不是 com 端口。 我发现执行正确功能的方法是使用 WMI 查询并检查名称属性:
ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * from WIN32_SerialPort");
foreach (ManagementObject port in searcher.Get())
{
deviceName = (string)foundPort.GetPropertyValue("Name");
...
我最初通过连接手机对此进行了测试,查询按预期返回了在 COM3 上找到的手机。 然后,我连接了另一个设备(一个 USB 转串口转换器,它更类似于我需要这个项目的设备),但查询根本找不到它。 它只会找到电话。 但是,此设备确实显示在设备管理器中的端口 COM4 上。 更让我恼火的是,SerialPort 类找到了这两个设备,但它没有提供我需要识别设备的信息:
string[] tempPorts = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
我已经阅读了很多关于 SO 和其他地方的帖子,但找不到令人满意的解决方案。 有人可以澄清为什么 WIN32_SerialPort 查询找不到我的其他设备吗? 出于某种原因,它不被认为是 win32 串口吗? 而且,有人可以指出我解决这个问题的方向吗?
有几个系统定义的设备设置类可供硬件供应商使用。 正确编写的COM-Ports
驱动程序应使用Ports (COM & LPT ports)
类(guid: 4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318
)。 设备管理器可能也使用此类。
因此,您可以使用以下查询来列出您在设备管理器中也看到的每个串行端口:
ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(
"root\\CIMV2",
"SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE ClassGuid=\"{4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}\""
);
foreach (ManagementObject queryObj in searcher.Get())
{
// do what you like with the Win32_PnpEntity
}
请参阅Win32_PnPEntity类的详细说明。 您应该拥有识别设备所需的一切。
为了确定端口号,我检查了名称属性并将其提取出来。 到现在为止一切正常,但我不知道端口号是否保证包含在名称中。 直到现在我还没有找到任何串口设备,名称中没有包含端口号。
上面的查询找到了每个串行端口设备,无论它是蓝牙 SPP、FTDI 芯片、主板上的端口、扩展卡还是由某些调制解调器驱动程序(即 Globetrotter GTM66xxW)生成的虚拟串行端口。
要确定连接类型(蓝牙、USB 等),您可以检查 deviceid(查看 deviceid 的第一部分)。 您还可以在那里提取 bt-mac 地址(注意这一点:deviceid 至少在 Windows 7 和 Windows XP 上看起来不同)。
我怀疑这取决于驱动程序的实现,因为我有一些 USB 设备列出了它们的端口,而有些则没有。
我想我明白你在做什么,看看这篇文章http ://www.codeproject.com/Articles/32330/A-Useful-WMI-Tool-How-To-Find-USB-to-Serial-Adapto
//Below is code pasted from WMICodeCreator
try
{
ManagementObjectSearcher searcher =
new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\WMI",
"SELECT * FROM MSSerial_PortName");
foreach (ManagementObject queryObj in searcher.Get())
{
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("MSSerial_PortName instance");
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("InstanceName: {0}", queryObj["InstanceName"]);
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("MSSerial_PortName instance");
Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("PortName: {0}", queryObj["PortName"]);
//If the serial port's instance name contains USB
//it must be a USB to serial device
if (queryObj["InstanceName"].ToString().Contains("USB"))
{
Console.WriteLine(queryObj["PortName"] + "
is a USB to SERIAL adapter/converter");
}
}
}
catch (ManagementException e)
{
MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while querying for WMI data: " + e.Message);
}
亚历克斯的回答真的帮助了我。 但我不得不根据我的机器调整我的查询......
我必须查询“root\CIMV2”,但我必须从另一个表中选择所有行:“SELECT * FROM Win32_SerialPort”。
对于努力弄清楚如何使用 WMI 或管理对象搜索器的任何人来说,Microsoft 的 WMI Code Creator 真的救了我。 使用该应用程序,您可以查询 WMI 以获取不同的信息,以便确定将什么放入您的管理对象搜索器查询中。
链接将来可能会过期,但现在是 2020 年:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=8572
看到你想按“名称”搜索,我想你需要遍历所有连接的设备并查询它们以获取产品名称。
下面是遍历 WinUSB 设备的代码:
public async Task<IEnumerable<DeviceDefinition>> GetConnectedDeviceDefinitions(uint? vendorId, uint? productId)
{
return await Task.Run<IEnumerable<DeviceDefinition>>(() =>
{
var deviceDefinitions = new Collection<DeviceDefinition>();
var spDeviceInterfaceData = new SpDeviceInterfaceData();
var spDeviceInfoData = new SpDeviceInfoData();
var spDeviceInterfaceDetailData = new SpDeviceInterfaceDetailData();
spDeviceInterfaceData.CbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(spDeviceInterfaceData);
spDeviceInfoData.CbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(spDeviceInfoData);
var guidString = ClassGuid.ToString();
var copyOfClassGuid = new Guid(guidString);
var i = APICalls.SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref copyOfClassGuid, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, APICalls.DigcfDeviceinterface | APICalls.DigcfPresent);
if (IntPtr.Size == 8)
{
spDeviceInterfaceDetailData.CbSize = 8;
}
else
{
spDeviceInterfaceDetailData.CbSize = 4 + Marshal.SystemDefaultCharSize;
}
var x = -1;
while (true)
{
x++;
var isSuccess = APICalls.SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(i, IntPtr.Zero, ref copyOfClassGuid, (uint)x, ref spDeviceInterfaceData);
if (!isSuccess)
{
var errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (errorCode == APICalls.ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS)
{
break;
}
throw new Exception($"Could not enumerate devices. Error code: {errorCode}");
}
isSuccess = APICalls.SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(i, ref spDeviceInterfaceData, ref spDeviceInterfaceDetailData, 256, out _, ref spDeviceInfoData);
WindowsDeviceBase.HandleError(isSuccess, "Could not get device interface detail");
//Note this is a bit nasty but we can filter Vid and Pid this way I think...
var vendorHex = vendorId?.ToString("X").ToLower().PadLeft(4, '0');
var productIdHex = productId?.ToString("X").ToLower().PadLeft(4, '0');
if (vendorId.HasValue && !spDeviceInterfaceDetailData.DevicePath.ToLower().Contains(vendorHex)) continue;
if (productId.HasValue && !spDeviceInterfaceDetailData.DevicePath.ToLower().Contains(productIdHex)) continue;
var deviceDefinition = GetDeviceDefinition(spDeviceInterfaceDetailData.DevicePath);
deviceDefinitions.Add(deviceDefinition);
}
APICalls.SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(i);
return deviceDefinitions;
});
}
对于这些设备中的每一个,您都可以像这样查询设备:
https://github.com/MelbourneDeveloper/Device.Net/blob/master/src/Usb.Net/Windows/WindowsUsbDevice.cs
var isSuccess = WinUsbApiCalls.WinUsb_Initialize(_DeviceHandle, out var defaultInterfaceHandle);
HandleError(isSuccess, "Couldn't initialize device");
var bufferLength = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR));
isSuccess = WinUsbApiCalls.WinUsb_GetDescriptor(defaultInterfaceHandle, WinUsbApiCalls.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, 0, EnglishLanguageID, out _UsbDeviceDescriptor, bufferLength, out var lengthTransferred);
HandleError(isSuccess, "Couldn't get device descriptor");
if (_UsbDeviceDescriptor.iProduct > 0)
{
//Get the product name
var buffer = new byte[256];
isSuccess = WinUsbApiCalls.WinUsb_GetDescriptor(defaultInterfaceHandle, WinUsbApiCalls.USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, _UsbDeviceDescriptor.iProduct, 1033, buffer, (uint)buffer.Length, out var transfered);
HandleError(isSuccess, "Couldn't get product name");
Product = new string(Encoding.Unicode.GetChars(buffer, 2, (int)transfered));
Product = Product.Substring(0, Product.Length - 1);
}
public static partial class WinUsbApiCalls
{
public const uint DEVICE_SPEED = 1;
public const byte USB_ENDPOINT_DIRECTION_MASK = 0X80;
public const int WritePipeId = 0x80;
/// <summary>
/// Not sure where this constant is defined...
/// </summary>
public const int DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE = 0x01;
public const int USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE = 0x03;
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_ControlTransfer(IntPtr InterfaceHandle, WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET SetupPacket, byte[] Buffer, uint BufferLength, ref uint LengthTransferred, IntPtr Overlapped);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_GetAssociatedInterface(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte AssociatedInterfaceIndex, out SafeFileHandle AssociatedInterfaceHandle);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_GetDescriptor(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte DescriptorType, byte Index, ushort LanguageID, out USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR deviceDesc, uint BufferLength, out uint LengthTransfered);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_GetDescriptor(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte DescriptorType, byte Index, UInt16 LanguageID, byte[] Buffer, UInt32 BufferLength, out UInt32 LengthTransfered);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_Free(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_Initialize(SafeFileHandle DeviceHandle, out SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_QueryDeviceInformation(IntPtr InterfaceHandle, uint InformationType, ref uint BufferLength, ref byte Buffer);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_QueryInterfaceSettings(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte AlternateInterfaceNumber, out USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR UsbAltInterfaceDescriptor);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_QueryPipe(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte AlternateInterfaceNumber, byte PipeIndex, out WINUSB_PIPE_INFORMATION PipeInformation);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_ReadPipe(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte PipeID, byte[] Buffer, uint BufferLength, out uint LengthTransferred, IntPtr Overlapped);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(IntPtr InterfaceHandle, byte PipeID, uint PolicyType, uint ValueLength, ref uint Value);
[DllImport("winusb.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool WinUsb_WritePipe(SafeFileHandle InterfaceHandle, byte PipeID, byte[] Buffer, uint BufferLength, out uint LengthTransferred, IntPtr Overlapped);
}
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