[英]CSS3 to style Java?
我即将开始一个Java项目,我实际上是在制作一个愚蠢的iTunes克隆。 我将使用Swing制作GUI,但我想知道以类似于iTunes的方式设置样式的最佳方式,而不仅仅是改变颜色/字体/边框。 我已经研究过使用CSS和Java Swing,但我发现的任何资源都已过时。 有没有新的方法来解决这个问题? 或者我应该在寻找除CSS以外的东西?
这是我想通过Swing实现的设计(至少是基础知识):
Swing没有CSS样式。 但是,如果你使用JavaFx2,这是Swing的继承者,你可以使用CSS样式。
如果您还不熟悉Swing,我建议您考虑使用JavaFX。 最新的1.7版本的Java内置了JavaFX 2.2。它具有CSS支持和媒体播放器
当然也可以在Swing中进行。 您可以使用许多不同的方法,但为了给您一个起点,这里是我将如何创建按钮。 这种方法需要Java 7,但如果您使用JXLayer,您也可以在以前版本的Java中运行它。 这些按钮是2D绘画和我可以访问的一些图标的组合。 只需用你拥有的图标进行更改即可。 根据您使用的图像,圆的大小将自行调整大小。
单击按钮时,您将在此处发出哔声,并将相应的文本打印到控制台。 一般来说,JLayer对于Swing应用程序的样式非常有用。
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.plaf.LayerUI;
/**
*/
public class MediaPlayer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Media Clone");
MediaController mediaController = new MediaController();
frame.getContentPane().add(new MediaView(mediaController));
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(800, 450));
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); // Center
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
static class MediaView extends JPanel {
private MediaList mediaList;
private ButtonView buttonView;
private MediaController controller;
MediaView(MediaController controller) {
this.controller = controller;
createComponents();
makeLayout();
}
public void createComponents() {
mediaList = new MediaList();
buttonView = new ButtonView(controller);
}
public void makeLayout() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(mediaList);
add(new JLayer<>(buttonView, new GradientUI()), BorderLayout.NORTH);
}
}
static class MediaList extends JPanel {
private JTable mediaTable;
MediaList() {
createComponents();
makeLayout();
}
public void createComponents() {
String[] header = new String[]{"Song", "Artist"};
String[][] model = new String[2][2];
model[0][0] = "Hello";
model[0][1] = "World";
model[1][0] = "Goodbye";
model[1][1] = "Sunshine";
mediaTable = new JTable(model, header);
}
public void makeLayout() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(new JScrollPane(mediaTable));
}
}
static class GradientUI extends LayerUI<JComponent> {
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g, JComponent c) {
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON);
int height = c.getHeight();
int width = c.getWidth();
g2.setPaint(new GradientPaint(0, 0, new Color(136, 146, 155), 0, height, new Color(101, 108, 116)));
Rectangle2D area = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height);
g2.fill(area);
super.paint(g2, c);
}
}
enum MediaAction {
PLAY, NEXT, PREVIOUS
}
static class MediaController {
private Toolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
public void execute(MediaAction mediaAction) {
toolkit.beep();
System.out.println(mediaAction.name());
}
}
static class ButtonView extends JPanel {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ButtonView.class.getName());
private JButton play;
private JButton next;
private JButton previous;
private RoundButtonUI playUI;
private ActionListener playActionListener;
private ActionListener nextActionListener;
private ActionListener previousActionListener;
private MediaController controller;
ButtonView(MediaController controller) {
this.controller = controller;
createComponents();
makeLayout();
createHandlers();
registerHandlers();
initComponent();
}
public void createComponents() {
play = new JButton();
next = new JButton();
previous = new JButton();
playUI = new RoundButtonUI();
}
public void createHandlers() {
playActionListener = createMediaAction(MediaAction.PLAY);
nextActionListener = createMediaAction(MediaAction.NEXT);
previousActionListener = createMediaAction(MediaAction.PREVIOUS);
}
private ActionListener createMediaAction(final MediaAction mediaAction) {
return new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
controller.execute(mediaAction);
}
});
}
};
}
public void registerHandlers() {
play.addActionListener(playActionListener);
next.addActionListener(nextActionListener);
previous.addActionListener(previousActionListener);
}
public void makeLayout() {
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEADING));
makeButtonRound(previous, "<<", "bullet_triangle_grey_shadow.png", "bullet_triangle_grey.png");
makeButtonRound(play, ">", "bullet_triangle_glass_grey128x128.png", "bullet_triangle_glass_grey128x128.png");
makeButtonRound(next, ">>", "bullet_triangle_grey_shadow.png", "bullet_triangle_grey.png");
add(new JLayer<>(previous, playUI));
add(new JLayer<>(play, playUI));
add(new JLayer<>(next, playUI));
}
public void initComponent() {
setOpaque(false);
}
private void makeButtonRound(final JButton toBeRounded, String fallback, String imageNormal, String imagePressed) {
toBeRounded.setOpaque(false);
toBeRounded.setFocusPainted(false);
toBeRounded.setBorderPainted(false);
toBeRounded.setContentAreaFilled(false);
toBeRounded.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 10, 5, 5));
URL normalURL = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(imageNormal);
URL pressedURL = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(imagePressed);
if (normalURL != null || pressedURL != null) {
final ImageIcon released = new ImageIcon(normalURL);
final ImageIcon pressed = new ImageIcon(pressedURL);
toBeRounded.setIcon(released);
toBeRounded.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
toBeRounded.setIcon(pressed);
}
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
toBeRounded.setIcon(released);
}
});
} else {
toBeRounded.setText(fallback);
log.severe("Missing resources: " + imageNormal + " and " + imagePressed);
}
}
}
/**
* Shifts the image so it looks pressed down.
* Creates a circle around the icon, that varies in size depending on the supplied icon.
*/
static class RoundButtonUI extends LayerUI<JComponent> {
private static final int STROKE_WIDTH = 5;
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g, JComponent c) {
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_ON);
ButtonModel buttonModel;
JButton b;
if (((JLayer) c).getView() instanceof JButton) {
b = (JButton) ((JLayer) c).getView();
buttonModel = b.getModel();
} else {
super.paint(g, c);
return;
}
int iconHeight = b.getIcon() != null ? b.getIcon().getIconHeight() : 60;
int iconWidth = b.getIcon() != null ? b.getIcon().getIconWidth() : 60;
Shape circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(STROKE_WIDTH, STROKE_WIDTH, iconHeight, iconWidth);
g2.setPaint(new GradientPaint(5, 5, new Color(222, 224, 230), 30, 55, new Color(187, 189, 199)));
g2.fill(circle);
g2.setPaint(new GradientPaint(15, 0, new Color(90, 97, 105), 15, 30, new Color(132, 142, 152)));
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(5));
g2.draw(circle);
if (buttonModel.isPressed()) {
g2.translate(1, 1);
}
super.paint(g2, c);
g2.dispose();
}
}
}
用摇摆建立你想要的外观将是一个真正的挑战。 它可以完成,但不能用CSS完成,并且没有相当多的工作。 由于JavaFX支持CSS并且有一个媒体播放器,我会调查这个新的框架。 你可以在这里开始吧。
我最近构建了一个小型JavaFX应用程序,我有机会使用场景构建器,这个图形工具现在与Netbeans集成,以帮助开发人员创建UI。 在修改CSS文件时,UI将在场景构建器中更新。 我们设计的实际元素与我们使用HTML的元素不同。 下面是我用于我的应用程序的CSS文件; 您可以在mathteamhosting.com上查看和运行我的应用程序
请记住,如果您使用的是32位浏览器,则需要32位版本的Java才能将其作为applet运行。
.root {
display: block;
}
.text-input {
-fx-font-size: 18px;
-fx-font-weight: bold;
}
.text-field {
-fx-font-size: 18px;
-fx-font-weight: bold;
}
.label {
-fx-font-size: 18px;
}
.button {
-fx-font-size: 15px;
-fx-font-weight: bold;
-fx-text-fill: black;
-fx-background-color: linear-gradient(#0000ff, #ffeeff);
}
#note {
-fx-font-size: 15px;
}
#heading {
-fx-text-fill: #000099;
-fx-font-size: 18px;
-fx-font-weight: bold;
}
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