如何在sql中将数据显示为按行显示？

Question

Select * from Table1

产量

Alias(Auto generate no)   ShortName       LongName         IssuerID       TypeName
 1                         ABC           ABC Pvt Ltd.         23            Current
 2                         DEF           DEF Pvt Ltd.         34            Provisional
 3                         GHI           GHI Pvt Ltd.         50            Legacy

我想进行逐行查看

预期产量

Fields        Current           Provisional      Legacy

Alias          1                   2              3
ShortName      ABC                DEF            GHI
LongName       ABC Pvt Ltd.      DEF Pvt Ltd.   GHI Pvt Ltd.
IssuerID       23                 34              50

如何针对上述条件进行选择查询？

我努力了：

select *
from Table1
pivot
(
   avg(IssuerID) for TypeName in
   (
      [Fields],[Current],[Provisional],[Legacy]
   )
) as TypeName

Answer 1

可以通过在SQL Server中同时应用UNPIVOT和PIVOT函数来完成这种数据转换。

UNPIVOT函数将您的列Alias ， ShortName ， LongName和IssuerID转换为行值。 但是，为了使UNPIVOT工作，这些值的数据类型必须相同：

select typename, value, fields
from
(
  select cast(alias as varchar(20)) alias,
    shortname,
    longname,
    cast(issuerid as varchar(20)) issuerid,
    typename
  from Table1
) u
unpivot
(
  value
  for fields in (Alias, ShortName, LongName, IssuerId)
) unpiv

参见带有演示的SQL Fiddle

数据被UNPIVOT编辑后，您可以将PIVOT函数应用于Typename列值：

select fields, [current], [provisional], [legacy]
from
(
  select typename, value, fields
  from
  (
    select cast(alias as varchar(20)) alias,
      shortname,
      longname,
      cast(issuerid as varchar(20)) issuerid,
      typename
    from Table1
  ) u
  unpivot
  (
    value
    for fields in (Alias, ShortName, LongName, IssuerId)
  ) unpiv
) src
pivot
(
  max(value)
  for typename in([current], [provisional], [legacy])
) piv

参见带有演示的SQL Fiddle

查询的结果是：

|    FIELDS |      CURRENT |  PROVISIONAL |       LEGACY |
----------------------------------------------------------
|     alias |            1 |            2 |            3 |
|  issuerid |           23 |           34 |           50 |
|  longname | ABC Pvt Ltd. | DEF Pvt Ltd. | GHI Pvt Ltd. |
| shortname |          ABC |          DEF |          GHI |

如果您无权访问UNPIVOT和PIVOT函数，则可以使用UNION ALL查询来复制UNPIVOT ，然后使用带有CASE的聚合函数来复制PIVOT ：

select fields,
  max(case when typename = 'current' then value end) [current],
  max(case when typename = 'provisional' then value end) provisional,
  max(case when typename = 'legacy' then value end) legacy
from
(
  select typename, cast(alias as varchar(20)) value, 'alias' fields
  from Table1 
  union all
  select typename, shortname value, 'shortname' fields
  from Table1 
  union all
  select typename, longname value, 'longname' fields
  from Table1 
  union all
  select typename, cast(issuerid as varchar(20)) value, 'issuerid' fields
  from Table1 
) src
group by fields

参见带有演示的SQL Fiddle

两个版本的结果将相同。

Answer 2

您需要的并不简单，对于PIVOT ，这并不是一项好任务。

这是一个类似的问题 ，也是这类传输的可能解决方案。

首先，如果检查所需的输出，则甚至必须“混合”列的类型。 因此，为此，请确保也必须将整数或其他数字列转换或转换为varchar类型。 （一列只有一种类型）

对于PIVOT ，您只能使用一个聚合。 有时候，思考起来很费劲，只是花些力气，有时，一个更简单但更长的解决方案可能会更好。

您可以尝试这样的代码：（这里是一个SQL Fiddle演示来展示它。）

WITH CTE_DATA
AS (
  SELECT  DISTINCT
  CAST([Current].Alias as varchar(64)) AS Alias_Current,
  [Current].ShortName AS ShortName_Current,
  [Current].LongName AS LongName_Current,
  CAST([Current].IssuerID as varchar(64)) AS IssuerID_Current,
  CAST(Provisional.Alias as varchar(64)) AS Alias_Provisional,
  Provisional.ShortName AS ShortName_Provisional,
  Provisional.LongName AS LongName_Provisional,
  CAST(Provisional.IssuerID as varchar(64)) AS IssuerID_Provisional,
  CAST(Legacy.Alias as varchar(64)) AS Alias_Legacy,
  Legacy.ShortName AS ShortName_Legacy,
  Legacy.LongName AS LongName_Legacy,
  CAST(Legacy.IssuerID as varchar(64)) AS IssuerID_Legacy
  FROM 
  (SELECT * FROM Data WHERE TypeName = 'Current') As [Current]
  CROSS JOIN (SELECT * FROM Data WHERE TypeName = 'Provisional') As Provisional
  CROSS JOIN (SELECT * FROM Data WHERE TypeName = 'Legacy') AS Legacy
  )
SELECT 'Alias' AS Fields, Alias_Current AS [Current], 
Alias_Provisional AS Provisional, Alias_Legacy AS Legacy
    FROM CTE_DATA
    UNION ALL
SELECT 'ShortName' AS Fields, ShortName_Current AS [Current], 
ShortName_Provisional AS Provisional, ShortName_Legacy AS Legacy
    FROM CTE_DATA
    UNION ALL
SELECT 'LongName' AS Fields, LongName_Current AS [Current], 
LongName_Provisional AS Provisional, LongName_Legacy AS Legacy
    FROM CTE_DATA
    UNION ALL
SELECT 'IssuerID' AS Fields, IssuerID_Current AS [Current], 
IssuerID_Provisional AS Provisional, IssuerID_Legacy AS Legacy
    FROM CTE_DATA