在has子句中不存在的列上進行分組

Question

我有一個簡單的SQL查詢，它帶有GROUP BY，HAVING和ORDER BY子句。 HAVING子句在GROUP BY中有一些我不需要的字段，可以嗎？ 因為我必須每小時對數據進行分組，並且HAVING中有一個日期字段，所以分組無法正常進行。 代碼是：

alter procedure [dbo].[sp_metadata_inflow]
@grp_name varchar(40) , @subgrp_name varchar(40)
as
begin
declare @i as int , @j as int,@k as int,@d as datetime , @m as datetime,@y as datetime;
set @d = datepart(day,'2012-12-13 10:54:55.000');
set @m = datepart(month,'2012-12-13 10:54:55.000');
set @y = datepart(YEAR,'2012-12-13 10:54:55.000');
set @i = 1;
set @j = @i - 1;
while (@i <=24)
begin
(SELECT  top 5 @i,
         ContactReason,
         @grp_name,
         @subgrp_name,
         COUNT(*)
 FROM   [ISRM].[dbo].[ITSM01ISRM]
 GROUP  BY ContactReason,datepart(day,CreatedDate),CurrentGroup,CurrentSubGroup
 HAVING (
         datepart(day,CreatedDate)= @d AND datepart(MONTH,CreatedDate)= @m
         AND datepart(year,CreatedDate) = @y AND datepart(hour,CreatedDate) <= @i
         AND datepart(hour,CreatedDate) >=@j
        )
        AND (CurrentGroup = @grp_name) AND (CurrentSubGroup = @subgrp_name)
);
set @i = @i + 1;
set @j =  @i -1;
end
end
go

Answer 1

以下查詢按小時將所有結果分組。 您為什么不想在GROUP BY中創建CreatedDate？

SELECT
    ContactReason,
    CurrentGroup,
    CurrentSubGroup,
    dateadd(hour, datediff(hour, 0, CreatedDate), 0),
    COUNT(1) 
FROM [ISRM].[dbo].[ITSM01ISRM] 
WHERE
    (CurrentGroup = @grp_name) AND (CurrentSubGroup = @subgrp_name)
GROUP BY 
    ContactReason,
    dateadd(hour, datediff(hour, 0, CreatedDate), 0),
    CurrentGroup,
    CurrentSubGroup;

Answer 2

要實際回答您的問題，似乎您只需要where子句中的這些條件。 它也看起來非常像SQL-Server語法，而不是標簽所暗示的MySQL。

還值得注意的是，這是非常低效的：

    (datepart(day,CreatedDate)= @d 
AND datepart(MONTH,CreatedDate)= @m
AND datepart(year,CreatedDate) = @y 
AND datepart(hour,CreatedDate) <= @i 
AND datepart(hour,CreatedDate) >=@j ) 

在列上使用DATEPART不僅將強制函數對每一行進行求值，而且還消除了列上任何索引的好處。 寫成Createddate >= '20130227 00:00' AND CreatedDate < '20130227 01:00'會更好。

此外，在每個循環中，您執行2小時的周期聽起來都不像預期的行為。

最后，我無法想象返回24個結果集是處理數據的最佳方法，如果您希望每小時進行計數，那么將小時數作為列並執行一個查詢並返回一個數據集就沒有意義了嗎？

例如

| ContactReason  | GroupName  | SubGroupName | 00:00 | 01:00 | 02:00 | 03:00 |.....| 23:00 |
|----------------+------------+--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+.....+-------|
| Example Reason | Test Group | Sub Group    |   5   |   10  |    8  |    1  |.....|   14  |
| Another Reason | Test Group | Sub Group    |   3   |    1  |   13  |    8  |.....|   23  |

在這種情況下，您的查詢可以寫為

DECLARE @Date DATETIME = '20121213';

WITH Data AS
(       SELECT  ContactReason,
                GroupName = @grp_name,
                SubGroupName = @subgrp_name,
                CreatedHour = CAST(DATEADD(HOUR, DATEDIFF(HOUR, 0, Createddate), 0) AS TIME),
                [Value] = 1
        FROM    [ISRM].[dbo].[ITSM01ISRM] 
        WHERE   CurrentGroup = @grp_name
        AND     CurrentSubGroup = @subgrp_name
        AND     CreatedDate >= @Date
        AND     CreatedDate < DATEADD(DAY, 1, @Date)
)
SELECT  *
FROM    Data
        PIVOT
        (   COUNT(Value)
            FOR CreatedHour IN 
                (   [00:00], [01:00], [02:00], [03:00], [04:00], [05:00], 
                    [06:00], [07:00], [08:00], [09:00], [10:00], [11:00], 
                    [12:00], [13:00], [14:00], [15:00], [16:00], [17:00],
                    [18:00], [19:00], [20:00], [21:00], [22:00], [23:00]
        ) pvt;