在C ++ 11中聲明char十六進制常量

Question

在我們代碼的各種低級部分中，我們需要將特定字節發送到設備以使事情發生。 因此，我們有很多代碼如下：

const char magic_bytes[] = { 0x01, 0xFA, 0x92 };

這導致錯誤（在GCC 4.7.2上）

test_char.cpp:6:51: warning: narrowing conversion of ‘250’ from ‘int’ to ‘const char’ inside { } is ill-formed in C++11 [-Wnarrowing]

因為0xFA超出-128到127的范圍。

我能想到兩種解決方法：

const char magic_bytes[] = { static_cast<char>(0x01), static_cast<char>(0xFA), static_cast<char>(0x92) };

要么：

const unsigned char magic_bytes[] = { 0x01, 0xFA, 0x92 };

兩者都是丑陋的（第一種情況），或者有其他缺點（在后者的情況下必須轉換為（const char *））

有沒有更好的方法來聲明這些字符串？

Answer 1

C ++ 11為您提供可變參數模板 （ GCC支持已存在一段時間）來解決此問題。

template <typename... A>                                                                 
constexpr std::array<char, sizeof...(A)> byte_array(A... v)                              
{ return std::array<char, sizeof...(A)>{{static_cast<char>(v)...}}; }                    

constexpr auto arr = byte_array( 0x01, 0xFA, 0x92 );

或者為了避免重復調用.data()將其傳遞給C函數：

template <std::size_t S>
struct byte_array {
  char data_[S];
  char *data() { return data_; }
  operator char*() { return data_; }

  const char *data() const { return data_; }
  operator const char*() const { return data_; }

  constexpr std::size_t size() const { return S; }

  // one could add support for begin/end and things like that
};

template <typename... A>
constexpr byte_array<sizeof...(A)> make_byte_array(A... v)
{ return byte_array<sizeof...(A)>{{static_cast<char>(v)...}}; }

// beside constexpr, this can be also non-const
auto magic_bytes = make_byte_array( 0x01, 0xFA, 0x92 );
strtok(magic_bytes, "why?");

與普通字符數組相比沒有開銷。

Answer 2

你可以做這樣的事情來進行一次演員：

const unsigned char magic_bytesUC[] = { 0x01, 0xFA, 0x92 };
enum { NBYTES = sizeof(magic_bytesUC) };
const char *magic_bytes = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(magic_bytesUC);

Answer 3

由於您指定了C ++ 11，我假設您可以使用可變參數宏 。 在這種情況下，有一個使用時優雅的解決方案，但它們在幕后是丑陋的。

所以我首先向您展示如何使用它：

char myBytes1[] = MAKE_BYTES( 0x00, 0x40, 0x80, 0xC0 );
char myBytes2[] = MAKE_BYTES( 0xFF );

現在，后端代碼：這可能更短，但我使用了標准循環方法，因此您可以從中獲得一些重用。 它可以支持1到24個字節的列表。 通過重復最后幾行可以使它更大。 歡迎來到預處理器元編程的世界。

#define EXPAND(a) a
#define ARGS_COUNT_(\
  _96,_95,_94,_93,_92,_91,_90,_89,_88,_87,_86,_85,_84,_83,_82,_81,\
  _80,_79,_78,_77,_76,_75,_74,_73,_72,_71,_70,_69,_68,_67,_66,_65,\
  _64,_63,_62,_61,_60,_59,_58,_57,_56,_55,_54,_53,_52,_51,_50,_49,\
  _48,_47,_46,_45,_44,_43,_42,_41,_40,_39,_38,_37,_36,_35,_34,_33,\
  _32,_31,_30,_29,_28,_27,_26,_25,_24,_23,_22,_21,_20,_19,_18,_17,\
  _16,_15,_14,_13,_12,_11,_10, _9, _8, _7, _6, _5, _4, _3, _2, _1,\
  N,...) N
#define ARGS_COUNT(...) ARGS_COUNT_(__VA_ARGS__,\
  96,95,94,93,92,91,90,89,88,87,86,85,84,83,82,81,\
  80,79,78,77,76,75,74,73,72,71,70,69,68,67,66,65,\
  64,63,62,61,60,59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50,49,\
  48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,34,33,\
  32,31,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,\
  16,15,14,13,12,11,10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
#define ARGS_HEAD(a,...) (a)
#define ARGS_TAIL(a,...) (__VA_ARGS__)

#define FOREACH(macro,lmacro,list) FOREACH_(ARGS_COUNT list,macro,lmacro,list)
#define FOREACH_(n,macro,lmacro,list) FOREACH__(n,macro,lmacro,list)
#define FOREACH__(n,macro,lmacro,list) FOREACH_##n(macro,lmacro,list)
#define FOREACH_1(macro,lmacro,list) lmacro list
#define FOREACH_2(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_1(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_3(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_2(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_4(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_3(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_5(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_4(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_6(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_5(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_7(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_6(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_8(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_7(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_9(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_8(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_10(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_9(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_11(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_10(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_12(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_11(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_13(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_12(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_14(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_13(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_15(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_14(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_16(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_15(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_17(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_16(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_18(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_17(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_19(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_18(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_20(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_19(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_21(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_20(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_22(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_21(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_23(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_22(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)
#define FOREACH_24(macro,lmacro,list) EXPAND(macro ARGS_HEAD list) FOREACH_23(macro,lmacro,ARGS_TAIL list)

#define MAKE_BYTE(x) static_cast<char>(x),
#define MAKE_LAST_BYTE(x) static_cast<char>(x)
//#define MAKE_BYTES(x) { FOREACH(MAKE_BYTE,MAKE_LAST_BYTE,x) } // uncomment this if you would rather use double bracket ((0x00,0x40,...)) syntax
#define MAKE_BYTES(...) { FOREACH(MAKE_BYTE,MAKE_LAST_BYTE,(__VA_ARGS__)) }