[英]Python: Respond to Command Line Prompts
我正在嘗試使用 Python 通過命令行與另一個程序進行交互。 我遇到的主要問題是具有多個后續提示的特定呼叫。 最初,命令行調用會詢問項目名稱,然后繼續詢問我是否要查看項目的任何子文件夾。 我需要按順序對每一個回答 y/n,不幸的是,每個答案都不是 y 或 n。 此外,如果不閱讀單獨的提示,我就無法知道問題的答案,因此我無法一次發送一組“y”或“n”。
這是命令行調用:
si viewproject
輸入命令后,命令行提示:
輸入項目名稱:
一個示例響應是:
輸入項目名稱:c:/test.pj
進入項目后,提示如下:
是否要遞歸到子項目 test_subprj.pj 中? [ynYN](n)
在這一點上,我需要根據我是否需要該子項目來響應 ay 或 n。 同樣,對這個問題的回答取決於子項目。 我需要能夠閱讀此提示中的子項目,以便用“y”或“n”來響應它
目前我需要手動輸入項目以及每個 y 和 n 。 我的目標是使用 Python 自動化這個過程。
有沒有辦法自動響應這些命令行提示?
project_path = "c:/test.pj"
with Popen(["si", "viewproject", "--project=" + project_path],
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, universal_newlines=True) as p:
for line in p.stdout:
if line.startswith("Do you want"):
answer = 'n'
else:
continue # skip it
print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
p.stdin.flush()
此方法掛在 with Popen 語句之后。 它永遠不會出錯,但它永遠不會進入或退出 for 語句並且永遠不會完成。 目前我將所有答案默認為“n”,但稍后會被邏輯替換。
import re
import sys
from functools import partial
import winpexpect
project_path = "c:/test.pj"
p = winpexpect.winspawn('si viewproject --project=' + project_path)
p.logfile = sys.stdout
patterns = [re.compile('ynYN'), winpexpect.EOF]
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
if found == 0:
answer = 'n'
p.sendline(answer)
返回以下錯誤消息:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 541, in read_nonblocking
handle, status, data = self.child_output.get(timeout=timeout)
File "C:\Python33\lib\queue.py", line 175, in get
raise Empty
queue.Empty
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1378, in expect_loop
c = self.read_nonblocking (self.maxread, timeout)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\winpexpect.py", line 543, in read_nonblocking
raise TIMEOUT('Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().')
pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "K:\eclipse_3.6.0\plugins\org.python.pydev_2.6.0.2012062818\pysrc\pydev_runfiles.py", line 432, in __get_module_from_str
mod = __import__(modname)
File "C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py", line 19, in <module>
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 1): # until EOF
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1311, in expect
return self.expect_list(compiled_pattern_list, timeout, searchwindowsize)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1325, in expect_list
return self.expect_loop(searcher_re(pattern_list), timeout, searchwindowsize)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\winpexpect-1.5-py3.3.egg\pexpect.py", line 1409, in expect_loop
raise TIMEOUT (str(e) + '\n' + str(self))
pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().
<winpexpect.winspawn object at 0x0144AE50>
version: 2.3 ($Revision: 399 $)
command: si
args: ['si', 'viewproject', '--project=c:/test.pj']
searcher: searcher_re:
0: re.compile("ynYN")
1: EOF
buffer (last 100 chars):
before (last 100 chars):
after: <class 'pexpect.TIMEOUT'>
match: None
match_index: None
exitstatus: None
flag_eof: False
pid: 6448
child_fd: 4
closed: False
timeout: 30
delimiter: <class 'pexpect.EOF'>
logfile: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='Cp1252'>
logfile_read: None
logfile_send: None
maxread: 2000
ignorecase: False
searchwindowsize: None
delaybeforesend: 0.05
delayafterclose: 0.1
delayafterterminate: 0.1
ERROR: Module: Test_prj could not be imported (file: C:\workspace\Test_prj\Test_prj.py).
懶人之道
第一世界問題
Python 對我來說是一門新語言,我之前從未為 Python 安裝過軟件包。 此外,Python 3.x 與其他版本的 Python 略有不同,這使得安裝模塊更加冒險。
因此,為了幫助其他人獲得一些甜蜜的模塊操作(並幫助那些知識淵博的人看看我是否做錯了什么),這里有一個即將成功的故事(希望如此)記錄我如何獲得和安裝我的第一個模塊。
設置
Python 允許第三方團體開發和分發擴展編程語言能力的模塊。 自然,有一種標准方法可以幫助第三方開發人員盡可能輕松地為最終用戶提供模塊。
對於 Python 3.x,分發模塊的標准稱為 Distutils。
以下是開發人員如何使用 Distutils:分發 Python 模塊
以下是最終用戶如何使用 Distutils:安裝 Python 模塊
通常,在命令行中導航到下載模塊的文件夾並運行“setup.py install”就足夠了。
但
有時生活並不那么容易,您的安裝可能仍然存在問題。 事實上,您可能還需要其他東西。 例如,您可能會收到以下錯誤:
“導入錯誤“沒有名為 Setuptools 的模塊””
幸運的是,有一個解決方案: Python 3: ImportError "No Module named Setuptools"
事實證明,並非所有東西都使用 distutils。 一些軟件包使用 setuptools。 不幸的是,沒有適用於 Python 3.x 的設置工具。 相反,Python 3.x 使用了分發工具,它是 setuptools 的一個分支。
所以對於那些使用 Python 3.x 的人來說,這里是 Distribute: Distribute
對於那些使用 Python 2.x 的人,這里是 Setuptools: Setuptools
在 Distribute 的安裝說明中,它說如下:“下載distribute_setup.py <http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py>
_ 並使用您選擇的Python 解釋器執行它。”
它還說:“請注意,源版本中也提供了此文件。”
所以我下載了 Distribute 並將其保存到計算機上。 將其保存到計算機后,我從源版本運行了distribute_setup.py 並收到以下錯誤:
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.36.tar.gz
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1252, in do_open
h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers) File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1049, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1087, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1045, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 890, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 828, in send
self.connect()
File "C:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 806, in connect
self.timeout, self.source_address)
File "C:\Python33\lib\socket.py", line 406, in create_connection
for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 553, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 549, in main
tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
File "C:\workspace\PythonTest\distribute_setup.py", line 204, in download_setuptools
src = urlopen(url)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 160, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 473, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 491, in _open
'_open', req)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 451, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1272, in http_open
return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPConnection, req)
File "C:\Python33\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1255, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed>
那不好! 老實說,我仍然不知道該錯誤來自哪里或為什么會發生。
無論如何,然后我找到了以下站點,該站點運行 .exe 來安裝分發和 pip。
所以我安裝了這些,然后使用以下站點設置我的計算機以更輕松地使用 easy_install: 設置 Easy Install Made Easy
一旦我開始工作,我就安裝了鼻子:鼻子
我得到鼻子的原因是因為Winpexpect 網站說:“WinPexpect 包括單元測試。要運行測試,你需要鼻子。使用以下命令運行測試:
$ python setup.py 測試”
嗯,這聽起來不錯:)。 現在我只是希望我知道在哪里運行該測試。 我知道如果你手動安裝你使用 setup.py install 命令,所以肯定會有一個 setup.py 在線壓縮目錄中。 為了查看這是否正確,我下載並保存了 winpexpect 文件,提取了信息,通過命令行導航到該文件,然后運行 setup.py 測試。
結果如下:
running test
running build_py
running egg_info
creating c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info
writing c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\top_level.txt
writing requirements to c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\requires.txt
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'c:\documents and settings\slz1fh\desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\build\lib\winpexpect.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
running build_ext
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Documents and Settings\SLZ1FH\Desktop\winpexpect\geertj-winpexpect-76df3cfcb143\setup.py", line 35, in <module>
use_2to3 = True
File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 917, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "C:\Python33\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 936, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 138, in run
self.with_project_on_sys_path(self.run_tests)
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 118, in with_project_on_sys_path
func()
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg\setuptools\command\test.py", line 164, in run_tests
testLoader = cks
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 124, in __init__
self.parseArgs(argv)
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 168, in parseArgs
self.createTests()
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\main.py", line 175, in createTests
self.module)
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in loadTestsFromNames
suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 137, in <listcomp>
suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names]
File "C:\Python33\lib\unittest\loader.py", line 96, in loadTestsFromName
module = __import__('.'.join(parts_copy))
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from nose.core import collector, main, run, run_exit, runmodule
File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\nose-1.3.0-py3.3.egg\nose\core.py", line 143
print "%s version %s" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), __version__)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
好的,那么 Python 3.3 版本的 Nose 包含無效的 Python 3.3 語法?
打印 "%s version %s" % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), version )...
絕對應該在它周圍加上括號......這讓我懷疑鼻子是否真的可以在這里工作,因為它顯然是為早期版本的 Python 制作的。
在您提到xx viewproject < answers.txt > output.txt
的評論中,您不能使用它,因為答案取決於子xx viewproject < answers.txt > output.txt
的輸出。
通常,可以使用pexpect
的模塊,例如winpexpect
(適用於 Windows)。 就像是:
import re
import sys
from functools import partial
from winpexpect import EOF, winspawn as spawn
p = spawn('xx viewproject')
p.logfile = sys.stdout
patterns = ['the project:', re.escape('? [ynYN](n)'), EOF]
for found in iter(partial(p.expect, patterns), 2): # until EOF
if found == 0:
p.sendline(project_name)
elif found == 1:
filename = get_filename_from_prompt(p.before) # a regex could be used
answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'no') # a dict
p.sendline(answer)
如果提示以換行符終止(並且子進程不緩沖它們); 您可以直接使用subprocess
模塊逐行讀取:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE,
universal_newlines=True) as p:
for line in p.stdout:
if line.startswith("Please enter the name of the project"):
answer = project_name
elif line.startswith("Would you like to recurse into the subproject"):
filename = get_filename_from_prompt(line) # a regex could be used
answer = yes_or_no_from_subproject.get(filename, 'n') # a dict
else:
continue # skip it
print(answer, file=p.stdin) # provide answer
p.stdin.flush()
要測試您是否可以使用subprocess
從xx
讀取某些內容:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
with Popen(["xx", "viewproject"], bufsize=0,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT) as p:
print(repr(p.stdout.read(1)))
是的,首先您可以通過以下方式將子流程創建為對象:
p = subprocess.Popen('xx viewproject', shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
然后,您將擁有諸如communicate()
類的方法,例如:
newline = os.linesep # [1]
commands = ['y', 'n', 'y', 'n', 'y']
p.communicate( newline.join( commands))
1 - os.linesep
這將一次發送所有答案(希望它就足夠了)每次都依賴於相同的問題順序。
您也可以嘗試解析p.stdout
然后寫入p.stdin
,但是當一個緩沖區在等待另一個緩沖區已滿時,這可能會導致死鎖,因此請注意這一點。 幸運的是,谷歌上有一些復雜的例子。
簡單版本是:
p = Popen(...)
line = p.stdout.readline() # At this point, if child process will wait for stdin
# you have a deadlock on your hands
parse_line( line)
p.stdin.write( newline.join( commands).encode( 'utf-8'))
我也會考慮重寫:
p = subprocess.Popen('si viewproject --project=d:/Projects/test.pj', shell=True,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
到:
p = subprocess.Popen( ['si', 'viewproject', '--project=d:/Projects/test.pj'],
shell=False, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
除非您明確需要 Shell 調用。
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