在 virtualenv Ubuntu 12.10 中使用 pip 安裝 lxml 錯誤：命令“gcc”失敗，退出狀態為 4

Question

嘗試在 Ubuntu 12.10 x64 中的 virtualenv 中運行“pip install lxml”時出現以下錯誤。 我有 Python 2.7。

我在這里看到了關於同一問題的其他相關問題，並嘗試安裝 python-dev、libxml2-dev 和 libxslt1-dev。

請查看從我提示命令到發生錯誤的那一刻的回溯。

Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py egg_info for package lxml
    /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.1.2.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib

    warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'src/lxml/tests'
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.1.2.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__getFilenameForFile':
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26851:7: warning: variable '__pyx_clineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26850:15: warning: variable '__pyx_filename' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26849:7: warning: variable '__pyx_lineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_pf_4lxml_5etree_4XSLT_18__call__':
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138273:81: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__copyXSLT':
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:139667:79: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: At top level:
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:12384:13: warning: '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
    gcc: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1)
    Please submit a full bug report,
    with preprocessed source if appropriate.
    See  for instructions.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 4
    Complete output from command /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-asDtN5-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --install-headers /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/include/site/python2.7:
    /usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'

  warnings.warn(msg)

Building lxml version 3.1.2.

Building without Cython.

Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26

Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib

running install

running build

running build_py

copying src/lxml/includes/lxml-version.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__getFilenameForFile':

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26851:7: warning: variable '__pyx_clineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26850:15: warning: variable '__pyx_filename' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:26849:7: warning: variable '__pyx_lineno' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_pf_4lxml_5etree_4XSLT_18__call__':

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138273:81: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: In function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree__copyXSLT':

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:139667:79: warning: passing argument 1 of '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy' from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136229:52: note: expected 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' but argument is of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *'

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c: At top level:

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:12384:13: warning: '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode' defined but not used [-Wunused-function]

gcc: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1)

Please submit a full bug report,

with preprocessed source if appropriate.

See  for instructions.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 4

----------------------------------------
Command /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-asDtN5-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --install-headers /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /home/admin/.virtualenvs/dev.actualito.com/build/lxml
Storing complete log in /home/admin/.pip/pip.log

Answer 1

確保你有足夠的內存。 試試dmesg | tail dmesg | tail以查看它是否輸出如下內容：

...
[3778136.277570] Out of memory: Kill process 21267 (cc1) score 557 or sacrifice child
[3778136.277587] Killed process 21267 (cc1) total-vm:365836kB, anon-rss:336228kB, file-rss:0kB

Answer 2

這是我保存的筆記。

sudo apt-get install libxml2
sudo apt-get install libxslt1.1
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
sudo apt-get install libxslt1-dev
sudo apt-get install python-libxml2
sudo apt-get install python-libxslt1
sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

easy_install lxml

它適用於我的 ubuntu 12.10

Answer 3

根據 lxml 站點，您可以使用這樣的結構：

CFLAGS="-O0"  pip install lxml

安裝指南

全局安裝注意：使用 sudo 傳遞環境變量的正確方法是在sudo之后：

sudo CFLAGS="-O0" pip install lxml

Answer 4

我今天早上遇到了類似的問題（錯誤：命令 'gcc' 失敗，退出狀態為 4）。 看來您需要檢查機器的內存。 如果內存低於512M，可能是這個原因。嘗試暫時關閉一些服務，例如apache服務器，然后再次嘗試“pip install lxml”。也許可以！

Answer 5

我曾多次遇到這種麻煩。

簡答

Python2: $ python2.7 setup.py clean build --with-cython install
Python3: $ pip-3.3 install lxml

長答案

假設是pip install lxml應該適用於所有環境，無論您使用的是 Python2 還是 Python3。

還有Cython要考慮：你一定會喜歡lxml編譯Cython由於相關的性能提升。

由於我不知道的原因，Python2 上的編譯沒有找到 Cython。 為了更准確和絕對明確地說明這個問題，下面的兩個命令都不要使用 Cython：

# DO NOT use these commands. I repeat: DO NOT use these commands.
$ pip-2.7 install lxml
$ easy_install-2.7 install lxml

因此，在使用 Python2 時，據我所知，您只有一種選擇，那就是：從源代碼編譯，Luke！

# install build environment and dependencies
$ kernel_release=$( uname -r )
$ sudo apt-get install linux-headers-${kernel_release} build-essential -y
$ sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev -y

# Download from github and compile from sources
$ git clone --branch lxml-3.2.4 https://github.com/lxml/lxml
$ python2.7 setup.py clean build --with-cython install

Answer 6

對於 ubuntu 12.04 和虛擬環境：

sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libxslt-dev
workon some-virt-env
pip install lxml

Answer 7

嘗試通過設置 FLAGS 環境變量來禁用 C 編譯器優化

CFLAGS="-O0"  pip install lxml 

這為我解決了不需要更多 RAM 的問題